Question 1

A prediction is made from a theory and the results are just as predicted. What can be concluded about the theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  it has been proven true 
B)  it has been inductively supported 
C)  it has been turned into a fact 
D)  it has been disproven 
A)  it has been proven true 
B)  it has been inductively supported 
C)  it has been turned into a fact 
D)  it has been disproven B

Question 2

Compared to laboratory research, which of the following is true about field research?

Accepted Answer

A)  it allows for a greater degree of control over variables 
B)  it may be higher in mundane realism 
C)  both informed consent and debriefing are easier to manage 
D)  it will be higher in experimental realism 
A)  it allows for a greater degree of control over variables 
B)  it may be higher in mundane realism 
C)  both informed consent and debriefing are easier to manage 
D)  it will be higher in experimental realism B

Question 3

________ research contributes to our essential knowledge of psychological processes such as learning, memory, perception, and emotion.

Accepted Answer

Basic

Question 4

Study #1 compares 2- and 4-month old children on a perceptual task. Study #2 uses the same task and compares four groups of children, aged 2, 4, 6, and 8 months. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  study #2 is an exact replication 
B)  study #2 should not have tested the 2- and 4-month olds (already been done) 
C)  study #2 is a partial replication and an extension 
D)  study #1 should have tested 6- and 8-month olds 
A)  study #2 is an exact replication 
B)  study #2 should not have tested the 2- and 4-month olds (already been done) 
C)  study #2 is a partial replication and an extension 
D)  study #1 should have tested 6- and 8-month olds

Question 5

A researcher uses some of the same procedures in her method as in a previous study, but she adds a new variable to be tested. What has she done?

Accepted Answer

A)  engaged in data falsification 
B)  did an exact replication of the previous study 
C)  partially replicated the previous study 
D)  created serendipity in her study 
A)  engaged in data falsification 
B)  did an exact replication of the previous study 
C)  partially replicated the previous study 
D)  created serendipity in her study

Question 6

What is the advantage of using operational definitions?

Accepted Answer

A)  they force researchers in different laboratories to all use the exact same definition 
B)  they facilitate replication 
C)  it's easy to agree on a universal definition for a concept like aggression 
D)  there are no advantages to using operational definitions; no two persons can ever agree on the best definition 
A)  they force researchers in different laboratories to all use the exact same definition 
B)  they facilitate replication 
C)  it's easy to agree on a universal definition for a concept like aggression 
D)  there are no advantages to using operational definitions; no two persons can ever agree on the best definition

Question 7

Which of the following is the best example of converging operations?

Accepted Answer

A)  several studies use different operational definitions of aggression yet produce the same basic results 
B)  several studies of anxiety, each with a different operational definition of anxiety, each yields different results 
C)  researchers from different laboratories agree ahead of time to use the same operational definitions for intelligence 
D)  researchers from different laboratories collaborate on the same research program 
A)  several studies use different operational definitions of aggression yet produce the same basic results 
B)  several studies of anxiety, each with a different operational definition of anxiety, each yields different results 
C)  researchers from different laboratories agree ahead of time to use the same operational definitions for intelligence 
D)  researchers from different laboratories collaborate on the same research program

Question 8

Use Festinger's dissonance theory to explain what is meant by a construct.

Accepted Answer

Festinger's dissonance theory is based o

Question 9

Research in psychology is characterized by all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  most research is a logical "what's next?" consequence of a study just completed 
B)  to avoid getting off to a bad start, most research is highly structured in its early stages 
C)  research is more likely to be completed by research teams than individual researchers 
D)  at the start of a research project, researchers often conduct loosely structured pilot studies 
A)  most research is a logical "what's next?" consequence of a study just completed 
B)  to avoid getting off to a bad start, most research is highly structured in its early stages 
C)  research is more likely to be completed by research teams than individual researchers 
D)  at the start of a research project, researchers often conduct loosely structured pilot studies

Question 10

According to the text, which of the following is true about the Freudian and the learning theory explanations for why young children imitate their parents?

Accepted Answer

A)  the learning theory explanation has fewer assumptions and is therefore more parsimonious 
B)  the Freudian explanation has fewer assumptions and is therefore more parsimonious 
C)  Freudian theory has been falsified 
D)  learning theory has been falsified 
A)  the learning theory explanation has fewer assumptions and is therefore more parsimonious 
B)  the Freudian explanation has fewer assumptions and is therefore more parsimonious 
C)  Freudian theory has been falsified 
D)  learning theory has been falsified

Question 11

"If a theory is true, then event X should occur." Suppose event X does not occur. What would the typical scientist conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)  the theory has been disproven - let's get rid of it 
B)  the outcome must have been an accident 
C)  the study failed to support the theory - let's replicate 
D)  the original hypothesis must have been deduced improperly 
A)  the theory has been disproven - let's get rid of it 
B)  the outcome must have been an accident 
C)  the study failed to support the theory - let's replicate 
D)  the original hypothesis must have been deduced improperly

Question 12

All of the following are true of theories except

Accepted Answer

A)  they organize existing data 
B)  an attribute of a good theory is that it is high on "productivity" 
C)  provide the basis for making predictions that can be tested empirically 
D)  they are tentative until the facts prove them true 
A)  they organize existing data 
B)  an attribute of a good theory is that it is high on "productivity" 
C)  provide the basis for making predictions that can be tested empirically 
D)  they are tentative until the facts prove them true

Question 13

According to the original cognitive dissonance theory, dissonance occurs when people

Accepted Answer

A)  experience electrical shock that is painful 
B)  simultaneously experience contradictory thoughts 
C)  are rewarded by others for feeling sad 
D)  must learn difficult tasks and they sometimes fail 
A)  experience electrical shock that is painful 
B)  simultaneously experience contradictory thoughts 
C)  are rewarded by others for feeling sad 
D)  must learn difficult tasks and they sometimes fail

Question 14

If variables are poorly defined and procedures aren't clearly spelled out by a particular investigator, it will be difficult for another researcher to ___________ the study.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If variables are poorly defined and procedures...

Question 15

The idea for Zeigarnik's study on the forgetting of completed tasks came from

Accepted Answer

A)  a deduction from a theory 
B)  the observation of an everyday event in a restaurant 
C)  the accidental discovery of a memory problem with incomplete tasks 
D)  an unanswered question from a study Zeigarnik had just completed 
A)  a deduction from a theory 
B)  the observation of an everyday event in a restaurant 
C)  the accidental discovery of a memory problem with incomplete tasks 
D)  an unanswered question from a study Zeigarnik had just completed

Question 16

Participants are asked to memorize three different lists of words. The lists are presented at three different presentation speeds. How would you classify this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  applied research 
B)  field research 
C)  basic research 
D)  both a. and b. 
A)  applied research 
B)  field research 
C)  basic research 
D)  both a. and b.

Question 17

Describe the Clever Hans case and show why it is a good example of falsification thinking and of choosing parsimonious explanations.

Accepted Answer

The Clever Hans case is a well-known exa

Question 18

In Bushman and Anderson's field experiment, who was the experimental confederate?

Accepted Answer

A)  a young man who was heard fighting with another person 
B)  a young woman with and apparent ankle injury and crutches at a movie theater 
C)  a young woman with and apparent ankle injury and crutches in the laboratory 
D)  the experimenter who administered the questionnaires 
A)  a young man who was heard fighting with another person 
B)  a young woman with and apparent ankle injury and crutches at a movie theater 
C)  a young woman with and apparent ankle injury and crutches in the laboratory 
D)  the experimenter who administered the questionnaires

Question 19

Which of the following is true of the studies done by Bushman and Anderson (which evaluated exposure to violence and helping behavior)?

Accepted Answer

A)  it combined both laboratory and field research in a series of experiments 
B)  it was a series of experiments high in mundane realism but low in experimental realism 
C)  it combined both basic and applied research in a single experiment 
D)  it was a series of experiments high in experimental realism but low in mundane realism 
A)  it combined both laboratory and field research in a series of experiments 
B)  it was a series of experiments high in mundane realism but low in experimental realism 
C)  it combined both basic and applied research in a single experiment 
D)  it was a series of experiments high in experimental realism but low in mundane realism

Question 20

Describe the ethical problems associated with doing field research.

Accepted Answer

There are several ethical problems assoc

A prediction is made from a theory and the results are just as predicted. What can be concluded about the theory?

Compared to laboratory research, which of the following is true about field research?

________ research contributes to our essential knowledge of psychological processes such as learning, memory, perception, and emotion.

Study #1 compares 2- and 4-month old children on a perceptual task. Study #2 uses the same task and compares four groups of children, aged 2, 4, 6, and 8 months. Which of the following is true?

A researcher uses some of the same procedures in her method as in a previous study, but she adds a new variable to be tested. What has she done?

What is the advantage of using operational definitions?

Which of the following is the best example of converging operations?

Use Festinger's dissonance theory to explain what is meant by a construct.

Research in psychology is characterized by all of the following except

According to the text, which of the following is true about the Freudian and the learning theory explanations for why young children imitate their parents?

"If a theory is true, then event X should occur." Suppose event X does not occur. What would the typical scientist conclude?

All of the following are true of theories except

According to the original cognitive dissonance theory, dissonance occurs when people

If variables are poorly defined and procedures aren't clearly spelled out by a particular investigator, it will be difficult for another researcher to ___________ the study.

The idea for Zeigarnik's study on the forgetting of completed tasks came from

Participants are asked to memorize three different lists of words. The lists are presented at three different presentation speeds. How would you classify this study?

Describe the Clever Hans case and show why it is a good example of falsification thinking and of choosing parsimonious explanations.

In Bushman and Anderson's field experiment, who was the experimental confederate?

Which of the following is true of the studies done by Bushman and Anderson (which evaluated exposure to violence and helping behavior)?

Describe the ethical problems associated with doing field research.

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Correlational Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Small N Designs

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters

Exam 3: Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

A prediction is made from a theory and the results are just as predicted. What can be concluded about the theory?

Compared to laboratory research, which of the following is true about field research?

________ research contributes to our essential knowledge of psychological processes such as learning, memory, perception, and emotion.

Study #1 compares 2- and 4-month old children on a perceptual task. Study #2 uses the same task and compares four groups of children, aged 2, 4, 6, and 8 months. Which of the following is true?

A researcher uses some of the same procedures in her method as in a previous study, but she adds a new variable to be tested. What has she done?

What is the advantage of using operational definitions?

Which of the following is the best example of converging operations?

Use Festinger's dissonance theory to explain what is meant by a construct.

Research in psychology is characterized by all of the following except

According to the text, which of the following is true about the Freudian and the learning theory explanations for why young children imitate their parents?

"If a theory is true, then event X should occur." Suppose event X does not occur. What would the typical scientist conclude?

All of the following are true of theories except

According to the original cognitive dissonance theory, dissonance occurs when people

If variables are poorly defined and procedures aren't clearly spelled out by a particular investigator, it will be difficult for another researcher to ___________ the study.

The idea for Zeigarnik's study on the forgetting of completed tasks came from

Participants are asked to memorize three different lists of words. The lists are presented at three different presentation speeds. How would you classify this study?

Describe the Clever Hans case and show why it is a good example of falsification thinking and of choosing parsimonious explanations.

In Bushman and Anderson's field experiment, who was the experimental confederate?

Which of the following is true of the studies done by Bushman and Anderson (which evaluated exposure to violence and helping behavior)?

Describe the ethical problems associated with doing field research.

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Correlational Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Small N Designs

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters