Exam 5: Introduction to Experimental Research

If the tool being used to evaluate performance changes in some way between pretest and posttest, then _______ can be a threat to the study's internal validity.

For an experimental group in a program to reduce anxiety, the mean pretest score is 80 (max = 100). The posttest score is 70. This change was the result of

In any experiment, the dependent variable is

Research that attempts to study psychological phenomena in settings that reflect daily living (e.g., a memory study about forgetting where we put our keys) is said to have _________ validity.

Conclusions about cause and effect cannot be drawn in studies involving

How can a researcher be sure that a study has statistical conclusion validity?

Between the administration of a pretest and a posttest, an event may occur that can affect the results of the study independent of the treatment program being evaluated. This threat to internal validity is called

You can be sure that a _______ variable is being used if the research hypothesizes sex differences in some task.

In a study comparing two sets of rankings, a researcher erroneously uses a statistical analysis designed for use with interval or ratio data. This study will have questionable

If a study lasts for an appreciable period of time, participants might learn new things or grow wiser in some way, thereby producing a threat to internal validity known as ________.