Question 1

Compared to field research, which of the following is true about laboratory research?

Accepted Answer

A)  it allows for a greater degree of control over variables 
B)  it may be lower in mundane realism 
C)  both informed consent and debriefing are easier to manage 
D)  all of the above 
A)  it allows for a greater degree of control over variables 
B)  it may be lower in mundane realism 
C)  both informed consent and debriefing are easier to manage 
D)  all of the above

Question 2

Operational definitions

Accepted Answer

A)  are seldom needed because of modern advances in behavioral technology 
B)  are needed to force researchers in different laboratories to all use the exact same definition of a construct 
C)  force researchers to be clear about defining the terms of their studies 
D)  differ from one study to another, which means that using operational definitions hinders the replication process 
A)  are seldom needed because of modern advances in behavioral technology 
B)  are needed to force researchers in different laboratories to all use the exact same definition of a construct 
C)  force researchers to be clear about defining the terms of their studies 
D)  differ from one study to another, which means that using operational definitions hinders the replication process

Question 3

"If a theory is true, then event X should occur." Which of the following outcomes illustrates the fallacy of affirming the consequent?

Accepted Answer

A)  event X occurs, therefore the theory has been proven true 
B)  event X occurs, therefore the theory has been supported 
C)  event X does not occur, therefore the theory has been disproven 
D)  event X does not occur, therefore the theory has not been supported 
A)  event X occurs, therefore the theory has been proven true 
B)  event X occurs, therefore the theory has been supported 
C)  event X does not occur, therefore the theory has been disproven 
D)  event X does not occur, therefore the theory has not been supported

Question 4

Compared to field research, what is the advantage of laboratory research?

Accepted Answer

A)  informed consent is easier 
B)  it allows experimental realism to occur 
C)  there is a greater degree of mundane realism 
D)  only lab research yields data that can be analyzed adequately (statistically) 
A)  informed consent is easier 
B)  it allows experimental realism to occur 
C)  there is a greater degree of mundane realism 
D)  only lab research yields data that can be analyzed adequately (statistically)

Question 5

The predictions from dissonance theory did not always come out as predicted. What happened to the theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  it was discarded 
B)  it was concluded that it must be true; most of the research proved it 
C)  it evolved to incorporate the idea that dissonance occurred most strongly when the self was threatened 
D)  it was logically disproven but hung on over the years because nothing better came along 
A)  it was discarded 
B)  it was concluded that it must be true; most of the research proved it 
C)  it evolved to incorporate the idea that dissonance occurred most strongly when the self was threatened 
D)  it was logically disproven but hung on over the years because nothing better came along

Question 6

Qualitative research is to quantitative research as _______ is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  analytic narrative; inferential analysis 
B)  applied research; basic research 
C)  field research; laboratory research 
D)  basic field research; applied field research 
A)  analytic narrative; inferential analysis 
B)  applied research; basic research 
C)  field research; laboratory research 
D)  basic field research; applied field research

Question 7

The studies by Cherry and by Broadbent, using dichotic listening, are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  basic research on attention 
B)  applied research on the factors that enhance the focusing of attention 
C)  research high in mundane realism but low in experimental realism 
D)  basic research on car driving 
A)  basic research on attention 
B)  applied research on the factors that enhance the focusing of attention 
C)  research high in mundane realism but low in experimental realism 
D)  basic research on car driving

Question 8

Theories

Accepted Answer

A)  are not highly regarded until proven true 
B)  lead to hypotheses through the process of induction 
C)  provide the basis for making predictions that can be tested empirically 
D)  are ideal if they can explain all possible outcomes 
A)  are not highly regarded until proven true 
B)  lead to hypotheses through the process of induction 
C)  provide the basis for making predictions that can be tested empirically 
D)  are ideal if they can explain all possible outcomes

Question 9

Which of the following is the least accurate description of most research in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  the outcome of one study is usually a question that leads to the next study 
B)  research is more likely to be the product of a research team than of an individual investigator working alone 
C)  the majority of research ideas come from a logical deduction from an established theory 
D)  researchers don't complete projects in topic A, then move to B; they develop programs of research on topic A 
A)  the outcome of one study is usually a question that leads to the next study 
B)  research is more likely to be the product of a research team than of an individual investigator working alone 
C)  the majority of research ideas come from a logical deduction from an established theory 
D)  researchers don't complete projects in topic A, then move to B; they develop programs of research on topic A

Question 10

Some thought that Clever Hans was highly intelligent, but a more _________ explanation was that he was responding to simple visual cues from the questioner.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some thought that Clever Hans was highly...

Question 11

Which of the following research studies is most obviously an example of basic research?

Accepted Answer

A)  the effect of delaying reward on maze learning in rats 
B)  the effectiveness of hypnosis for improving courtroom eyewitness memory 
C)  worker productivity in well-lit vs. poorly-lit environments 
D)  whether hands-free cell phones are less disruptive to driving than hand-held phones 
A)  the effect of delaying reward on maze learning in rats 
B)  the effectiveness of hypnosis for improving courtroom eyewitness memory 
C)  worker productivity in well-lit vs. poorly-lit environments 
D)  whether hands-free cell phones are less disruptive to driving than hand-held phones

Question 12

Using maze learning as an example, describe how scientists can be creative.

Accepted Answer

Scientists can be creative in maze learn

Question 13

Describe the purposes of basic and applied research and use the selective attention examples to show why some researchers argue that applied research often relies on a foundation provided by basic research.

Accepted Answer

Basic research is conducted to expand ou

Question 14

Which of the following would be an example of a research project began as the result of a serendipitous event?

Accepted Answer

A)  A suspects B of fraud, so A replicates B's work 
B)  A notices that complete strangers who take the same subway to work every day begin to greet one another at the station; A wonders why 
C)  A comes across an interesting study and does a partial replication and an extension of it 
D)  A has an equipment failure and notices some unusual behavior that leads to a series of studies 
A)  A suspects B of fraud, so A replicates B's work 
B)  A notices that complete strangers who take the same subway to work every day begin to greet one another at the station; A wonders why 
C)  A comes across an interesting study and does a partial replication and an extension of it 
D)  A has an equipment failure and notices some unusual behavior that leads to a series of studies

Question 15

Distinguish between mundane realism and experimental realism and explain why most researchers believe the latter to be more important than the former.

Accepted Answer

Mundane realism refers to the degree to

Question 16

If a number of studies all seem consistent with a theory, then the theory is said to have been supported through

Accepted Answer

A)  induction 
B)  deduction 
C)  serendipity 
D)  parsimony 
A)  induction 
B)  deduction 
C)  serendipity 
D)  parsimony

Question 17

Applied research

Accepted Answer

A)  always has mundane realism but seldom has experimental realism 
B)  always has experimental realism but seldom has mundane realism 
C)  can be either laboratory or field research 
D)  is always field research, while basic research is laboratory research 
A)  always has mundane realism but seldom has experimental realism 
B)  always has experimental realism but seldom has mundane realism 
C)  can be either laboratory or field research 
D)  is always field research, while basic research is laboratory research

Question 18

If a study is high on experimental realism, then

Accepted Answer

A)  participants will take the procedures seriously 
B)  the participant's task will resemble a normal daily activity 
C)  it is certain that deception has been used 
D)  it is almost certainly a field study rather than a laboratory study 
A)  participants will take the procedures seriously 
B)  the participant's task will resemble a normal daily activity 
C)  it is certain that deception has been used 
D)  it is almost certainly a field study rather than a laboratory study

Question 19

Describe the roles played by inductive and deductive thinking in the relationship between theory and the results of research.

Accepted Answer

Inductive and deductive thinking play im

Question 20

In the original cognitive dissonance theory, it was said that dissonance develops as a result of experiencing contradictory thoughts. This "dissonance" is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a behavior 
B)  a hypothesis 
C)  an operational definition 
D)  a construct 
A)  a behavior 
B)  a hypothesis 
C)  an operational definition 
D)  a construct

Compared to field research, which of the following is true about laboratory research?

Operational definitions

"If a theory is true, then event X should occur." Which of the following outcomes illustrates the fallacy of affirming the consequent?

Compared to field research, what is the advantage of laboratory research?

The predictions from dissonance theory did not always come out as predicted. What happened to the theory?

Qualitative research is to quantitative research as _ is to _.

The studies by Cherry and by Broadbent, using dichotic listening, are examples of

Theories

Which of the following is the least accurate description of most research in psychology?

Some thought that Clever Hans was highly intelligent, but a more _________ explanation was that he was responding to simple visual cues from the questioner.

Which of the following research studies is most obviously an example of basic research?

Using maze learning as an example, describe how scientists can be creative.

Describe the purposes of basic and applied research and use the selective attention examples to show why some researchers argue that applied research often relies on a foundation provided by basic research.

Which of the following would be an example of a research project began as the result of a serendipitous event?

Distinguish between mundane realism and experimental realism and explain why most researchers believe the latter to be more important than the former.

If a number of studies all seem consistent with a theory, then the theory is said to have been supported through

Applied research

If a study is high on experimental realism, then

Describe the roles played by inductive and deductive thinking in the relationship between theory and the results of research.

In the original cognitive dissonance theory, it was said that dissonance develops as a result of experiencing contradictory thoughts. This "dissonance" is an example of

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Correlational Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Small N Designs

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters

Exam 3: Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Compared to field research, which of the following is true about laboratory research?

Operational definitions

"If a theory is true, then event X should occur." Which of the following outcomes illustrates the fallacy of affirming the consequent?

Compared to field research, what is the advantage of laboratory research?

The predictions from dissonance theory did not always come out as predicted. What happened to the theory?

Qualitative research is to quantitative research as _______ is to _______.

The studies by Cherry and by Broadbent, using dichotic listening, are examples of

Theories

Which of the following is the least accurate description of most research in psychology?

Some thought that Clever Hans was highly intelligent, but a more _________ explanation was that he was responding to simple visual cues from the questioner.

Which of the following research studies is most obviously an example of basic research?

Using maze learning as an example, describe how scientists can be creative.

Describe the purposes of basic and applied research and use the selective attention examples to show why some researchers argue that applied research often relies on a foundation provided by basic research.

Which of the following would be an example of a research project began as the result of a serendipitous event?

Distinguish between mundane realism and experimental realism and explain why most researchers believe the latter to be more important than the former.

If a number of studies all seem consistent with a theory, then the theory is said to have been supported through

Applied research

If a study is high on experimental realism, then

Describe the roles played by inductive and deductive thinking in the relationship between theory and the results of research.

In the original cognitive dissonance theory, it was said that dissonance develops as a result of experiencing contradictory thoughts. This "dissonance" is an example of

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Correlational Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Small N Designs

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters

Qualitative research is to quantitative research as _ is to _.