Question 1

The advantage of using an operational definition is

Accepted Answer

A) it guarantees a valid measurement. 
B) it guarantees a reliable measurement. 
C) it guarantees that other researchers will know exactly how you defined and measured your variable. 
D) all of the other options are correct. 
A) it guarantees a valid measurement. 
B) it guarantees a reliable measurement. 
C) it guarantees that other researchers will know exactly how you defined and measured your variable. 
D) all of the other options are correct.

Question 2

Validity of a measurement procedure is usually established with a correlation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

You develop a new measure of self-efficacy and you find that people who score high on your measure also score high on a standardized measure of self-efficacy.You have demonstrated

Accepted Answer

A) concurrent validity. 
B) divergent validity. 
C) predictive validity. 
D) reliability. 
A) concurrent validity. 
B) divergent validity. 
C) predictive validity. 
D) reliability.

Question 4

Which type of validity requires multiple research studies,usually conducted over a long period of time?

Accepted Answer

A) face 
B) concurrent 
C) predictive 
D) construct 
A) face 
B) concurrent 
C) predictive 
D) construct

Question 5

What additional information is obtained by measuring on an ordinal scale compared to a nominal scale?

Accepted Answer

A) whether the measurements are the same or different 
B) the direction of the differences 
C) the size of the differences 
D) none of the above 
A) whether the measurements are the same or different 
B) the direction of the differences 
C) the size of the differences 
D) none of the above

Question 6

After measuring a set of individuals,a researcher finds that Bob's score is three times greater than Jane's score.These measurements must come from a(n)________ scale.

Accepted Answer

A) nominal 
B) ordinal 
C) interval 
D) ratio 
A) nominal 
B) ordinal 
C) interval 
D) ratio

Question 7

A ratio scale has an arbitrary zero point.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A floor effect means that a measurement procedure is not likely to detect a decrease in scores.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In psychological research there is often not a one-to-one relationship between the variable being measured and the measurement obtained.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The behavior observed in a research study may be very different from behavior in normal circumstances because the participants modify their behavior when they know that they are being studied.This problem is known as

Accepted Answer

A) reactivity. 
B) novelty. 
C) experimenter bias. 
D) volunteerism. 
A) reactivity. 
B) novelty. 
C) experimenter bias. 
D) volunteerism.

Question 11

Demonstrating the grade point averages for a group of college students are positively related to their SAT scores is a demonstration of predictive validity for the SAT.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Men's shirt sizes are classified as small,medium,large,and extra large.This is an example of measurement on a nominal scale.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A measurement procedure is valid if it

Accepted Answer

A) produces measurements that are stable and consistent. 
B) measures what you intend it to measure. 
C) produces measurements that make sense. 
D) produces measurements that are obvious. 
A) produces measurements that are stable and consistent. 
B) measures what you intend it to measure. 
C) produces measurements that make sense. 
D) produces measurements that are obvious.

Question 14

Measurement that includes a large error component will have very low

Accepted Answer

A) face validity. 
B) concurrent validity. 
C) reliability. 
D) all of the above 
A) face validity. 
B) concurrent validity. 
C) reliability. 
D) all of the above

Question 15

Two observers record similar measurements of behavior for a group of children they are watching.The researchers have established what kind reliability?

Accepted Answer

A) split-half reliability 
B) internal reliability 
C) test-retest reliability 
D) inter-rater reliability 
A) split-half reliability 
B) internal reliability 
C) test-retest reliability 
D) inter-rater reliability

Question 16

Describe one potential artifact (experimenter bias or reactivity)and how it threatens both the validity and reliability of measurements.Reliability refers to the consistency of the measurements.A measurement procedure is reliable if the same individuals measured under the same conditions produce the same (or very similar)scores.Reliability can be established over time by using test-retest reliability.The same group of individuals is measured under the same conditions at two different times.If the two measurements are the same or similar,the measurement is reliable.You can also establish the internal consistency of a test or questionnaire consisting of several items by measuring split-half reliability.The full set of items is divided in half and a separate score is computed for each half.If the two scores agree,the measurement is reliable.Finally,it is possible to demonstrate the reliability of measurement with inter-rater reliability.Two separate individuals observe and record behavior simultaneously.If their two recordings agree,the measurement is reliable.

Accepted Answer

Experimenter bias occurs when the expect

Question 17

Demand characteristics are cues within a research study that suggest how the participants are expected to behave or respond.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A researcher records the number of mathematics problems answered correctly during a 15-minute period.This is an example of measurement on a ratio scale.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What kind of validity requires that a researcher create two different measures of the same variable?

Accepted Answer

A) face 
B) predictive 
C) concurrent 
D) convergent 
A) face 
B) predictive 
C) concurrent 
D) convergent

Question 20

Describe how a researcher can establish construct validity.

Accepted Answer

Construct validity is demonstrated when

The advantage of using an operational definition is

Validity of a measurement procedure is usually established with a correlation.

You develop a new measure of self-efficacy and you find that people who score high on your measure also score high on a standardized measure of self-efficacy.You have demonstrated

Which type of validity requires multiple research studies,usually conducted over a long period of time?

What additional information is obtained by measuring on an ordinal scale compared to a nominal scale?

After measuring a set of individuals,a researcher finds that Bob's score is three times greater than Jane's score.These measurements must come from a(n)________ scale.

A ratio scale has an arbitrary zero point.

A floor effect means that a measurement procedure is not likely to detect a decrease in scores.

In psychological research there is often not a one-to-one relationship between the variable being measured and the measurement obtained.

The behavior observed in a research study may be very different from behavior in normal circumstances because the participants modify their behavior when they know that they are being studied.This problem is known as

Demonstrating the grade point averages for a group of college students are positively related to their SAT scores is a demonstration of predictive validity for the SAT.

Men's shirt sizes are classified as small,medium,large,and extra large.This is an example of measurement on a nominal scale.

A measurement procedure is valid if it

Measurement that includes a large error component will have very low

Two observers record similar measurements of behavior for a group of children they are watching.The researchers have established what kind reliability?

Demand characteristics are cues within a research study that suggest how the participants are expected to behave or respond.

A researcher records the number of mathematics problems answered correctly during a 15-minute period.This is an example of measurement on a ratio scale.

What kind of validity requires that a researcher create two different measures of the same variable?

Describe how a researcher can establish construct validity.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

Filters

Exam 3: Defining and Measuring Variables

The advantage of using an operational definition is

Validity of a measurement procedure is usually established with a correlation.

You develop a new measure of self-efficacy and you find that people who score high on your measure also score high on a standardized measure of self-efficacy.You have demonstrated

Which type of validity requires multiple research studies,usually conducted over a long period of time?

What additional information is obtained by measuring on an ordinal scale compared to a nominal scale?

After measuring a set of individuals,a researcher finds that Bob's score is three times greater than Jane's score.These measurements must come from a(n)________ scale.

A ratio scale has an arbitrary zero point.

A floor effect means that a measurement procedure is not likely to detect a decrease in scores.

In psychological research there is often not a one-to-one relationship between the variable being measured and the measurement obtained.

The behavior observed in a research study may be very different from behavior in normal circumstances because the participants modify their behavior when they know that they are being studied.This problem is known as

Demonstrating the grade point averages for a group of college students are positively related to their SAT scores is a demonstration of predictive validity for the SAT.

Men's shirt sizes are classified as small,medium,large,and extra large.This is an example of measurement on a nominal scale.

A measurement procedure is valid if it

Measurement that includes a large error component will have very low

Two observers record similar measurements of behavior for a group of children they are watching.The researchers have established what kind reliability?

Demand characteristics are cues within a research study that suggest how the participants are expected to behave or respond.

A researcher records the number of mathematics problems answered correctly during a 15-minute period.This is an example of measurement on a ratio scale.

What kind of validity requires that a researcher create two different measures of the same variable?

Describe how a researcher can establish construct validity.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

Filters