Question 1

Any factor that limits the ability to generalize the results of the study is a threat to

Accepted Answer

A) internal validity. 
B) external validity. 
C) reliability. 
D) accuracy. 
A) internal validity. 
B) external validity. 
C) reliability. 
D) accuracy.

Question 2

A study examining the relationship between humor and memory compares memory performance scores for one group presented with humorous sentences and a second group presented with nonhumorous sentences.The participants in both groups consist of a mixture of males and females.In this study,gender (male/female)is a(n)________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A) independent 
B) dependent 
C) extraneous 
D) confounding 
A) independent 
B) dependent 
C) extraneous 
D) confounding

Question 3

A research study attempts to describe the relationship between self-esteem and birth order position by measuring self-esteem for each individual in a group of first-born boys,and then comparing the results with self-esteem scores for a group of later-born boys.This study is an example of the _____________ strategy.

Accepted Answer

A) nonexperimental 
B) correlational 
C) experimental 
D) quasi-experimental 
A) nonexperimental 
B) correlational 
C) experimental 
D) quasi-experimental

Question 4

Selection bias is a threat to external validity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The purpose of the descriptive research strategy is to describe the relationship between two variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

A) involves observing and interacting with individuals to record behaviors 
B) produces a narrative report describing behaviors 
C) produces data,usually numerical,that are analyzed with statistical methods 
D) usually involves a holistic approach rather than examining individual variables 
A) involves observing and interacting with individuals to record behaviors 
B) produces a narrative report describing behaviors 
C) produces data,usually numerical,that are analyzed with statistical methods 
D) usually involves a holistic approach rather than examining individual variables

Question 7

Sensitization can threaten external validity because the results obtained in a study

Accepted Answer

A) may be limited to the novel situation of the research study. 
B) may be limited to individuals who have experienced a pretest. 
C) may be limited to individuals who have experienced a series of different treatment conditions. 
D) may be limited to participants taking on different subject roles. 
A) may be limited to the novel situation of the research study. 
B) may be limited to individuals who have experienced a pretest. 
C) may be limited to individuals who have experienced a series of different treatment conditions. 
D) may be limited to participants taking on different subject roles.

Question 8

In studies with a group of individuals being tested in a series of treatment conditions,factors such as history,instrumentation,and maturation threaten

Accepted Answer

A) internal validity. 
B) external validity. 
C) both internal and external validity. 
D) neither internal nor external validity. 
A) internal validity. 
B) external validity. 
C) both internal and external validity. 
D) neither internal nor external validity.

Question 9

The results of a study may be influenced by the fact that a participant knows he or she is being studied.This threat to external validity is

Accepted Answer

A) reactivity. 
B) novelty. 
C) experimenter bias. 
D) volunteerism. 
A) reactivity. 
B) novelty. 
C) experimenter bias. 
D) volunteerism.

Question 10

Experimenter bias can threaten both internal and external validity because the results obtained in a study

Accepted Answer

A) may be specific to an experimenter with a certain set of characteristics. 
B) may be specific to the experimenter who has the expectations. 
C) may be specific to the cues about how to behave. 
D) may be specific to the participants' knowledge that they are being measured. 
A) may be specific to an experimenter with a certain set of characteristics. 
B) may be specific to the experimenter who has the expectations. 
C) may be specific to the cues about how to behave. 
D) may be specific to the participants' knowledge that they are being measured.

Question 11

When a group of individuals is tested in a series of treatment conditions over time,which of the following factors can cause progressive improvement in performance from treatment to treatment and thus provide an alternative explanation for the results?

Accepted Answer

A) history 
B) selection bias 
C) practice 
D) fatigue 
A) history 
B) selection bias 
C) practice 
D) fatigue

Question 12

The validity of the research study is concerned with the truth of the research or the accuracy of the results.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

An extraneous variable is any variable that is part of a research study but not directly investigated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Results from a research study suggest that a stop-smoking program is very successful.However,the participants who volunteered for the study were all highly motivated to quit smoking and the researcher is concerned that the same results may not be obtained for smokers who are not as motivated.This study has a problem with

Accepted Answer

A) internal validity. 
B) external validity. 
C) experimental validity. 
D) validity of measurement. 
A) internal validity. 
B) external validity. 
C) experimental validity. 
D) validity of measurement.

Question 15

Which research strategy is not concerned with examining relationships between variables?

Accepted Answer

A) descriptive 
B) correlational 
C) experimental 
D) quasi-experimental 
A) descriptive 
B) correlational 
C) experimental 
D) quasi-experimental

Question 16

A study examining what percentage of married couples is satisfied with their marriages is an example of what research approach?

Accepted Answer

A) experimental 
B) quasi-experimental 
C) correlational 
D) descriptive 
A) experimental 
B) quasi-experimental 
C) correlational 
D) descriptive

Question 17

Both qualitative and quantitative research involve observing and recording behaviors in order to describe and explain behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

As the values for one variable decrease from one person to another,the values for a second variable also tend to decrease.This is an example of a __________ relationship.

Accepted Answer

A) positive 
B) negative 
C) curvilinear 
D) These data show no consistent relationship. 
A) positive 
B) negative 
C) curvilinear 
D) These data show no consistent relationship.

Question 19

Which of the following questions can be addressed with the experimental strategy?

Accepted Answer

A) What is the average number of text messages that a typical adolescent sends in a month? 
B) Is there a relationship between the number of text messages that adolescents send each month and the number of pages of leisure reading done by adolescents? 
C) Does decreasing the number of text messages sent by adolescents cause an increase in number of pages read for leisure? 
D) None of these questions can be addressed with this strategy? 
A) What is the average number of text messages that a typical adolescent sends in a month? 
B) Is there a relationship between the number of text messages that adolescents send each month and the number of pages of leisure reading done by adolescents? 
C) Does decreasing the number of text messages sent by adolescents cause an increase in number of pages read for leisure? 
D) None of these questions can be addressed with this strategy?

Question 20

A scatter plot showing the relationship between two variables shows data points that form a circular pattern.What kind of relationship is indicated by this pattern?

Accepted Answer

A) positive 
B) negative 
C) curvilinear 
D) These data show no consistent relationship. 
A) positive 
B) negative 
C) curvilinear 
D) These data show no consistent relationship.

Any factor that limits the ability to generalize the results of the study is a threat to

Selection bias is a threat to external validity.

The purpose of the descriptive research strategy is to describe the relationship between two variables.

Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of qualitative research?

Sensitization can threaten external validity because the results obtained in a study

In studies with a group of individuals being tested in a series of treatment conditions,factors such as history,instrumentation,and maturation threaten

The results of a study may be influenced by the fact that a participant knows he or she is being studied.This threat to external validity is

Experimenter bias can threaten both internal and external validity because the results obtained in a study

When a group of individuals is tested in a series of treatment conditions over time,which of the following factors can cause progressive improvement in performance from treatment to treatment and thus provide an alternative explanation for the results?

The validity of the research study is concerned with the truth of the research or the accuracy of the results.

An extraneous variable is any variable that is part of a research study but not directly investigated.

Which research strategy is not concerned with examining relationships between variables?

A study examining what percentage of married couples is satisfied with their marriages is an example of what research approach?

Both qualitative and quantitative research involve observing and recording behaviors in order to describe and explain behavior.

As the values for one variable decrease from one person to another,the values for a second variable also tend to decrease.This is an example of a __________ relationship.

Which of the following questions can be addressed with the experimental strategy?

A scatter plot showing the relationship between two variables shows data points that form a circular pattern.What kind of relationship is indicated by this pattern?

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

Filters

Exam 6: Research Strategies and Validity

Any factor that limits the ability to generalize the results of the study is a threat to

Selection bias is a threat to external validity.

The purpose of the descriptive research strategy is to describe the relationship between two variables.

Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of qualitative research?

Sensitization can threaten external validity because the results obtained in a study

In studies with a group of individuals being tested in a series of treatment conditions,factors such as history,instrumentation,and maturation threaten

The results of a study may be influenced by the fact that a participant knows he or she is being studied.This threat to external validity is

Experimenter bias can threaten both internal and external validity because the results obtained in a study

When a group of individuals is tested in a series of treatment conditions over time,which of the following factors can cause progressive improvement in performance from treatment to treatment and thus provide an alternative explanation for the results?

The validity of the research study is concerned with the truth of the research or the accuracy of the results.

An extraneous variable is any variable that is part of a research study but not directly investigated.

Which research strategy is not concerned with examining relationships between variables?

A study examining what percentage of married couples is satisfied with their marriages is an example of what research approach?

Both qualitative and quantitative research involve observing and recording behaviors in order to describe and explain behavior.

As the values for one variable decrease from one person to another,the values for a second variable also tend to decrease.This is an example of a __________ relationship.

Which of the following questions can be addressed with the experimental strategy?

A scatter plot showing the relationship between two variables shows data points that form a circular pattern.What kind of relationship is indicated by this pattern?

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

Filters