Question 1

Which transfusion is most likely to cause an immune reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  A transfusion of O type blood to a person with A type blood 
B)  A transfusion of A type blood to a person with O type blood 
C)  A transfusion of B type blood to a person with AB type blood 
D)  A transfusion of O type blood to a person with O type blood 
E)  A transfusion of AB type blood to a person with AB type blood 
A)  A transfusion of O type blood to a person with A type blood 
B)  A transfusion of A type blood to a person with O type blood 
C)  A transfusion of B type blood to a person with AB type blood 
D)  A transfusion of O type blood to a person with O type blood 
E)  A transfusion of AB type blood to a person with AB type blood

Question 2

Alleles for genes located on mitochondrial DNA are said to be maternally inherited.What is the explanation for this pattern of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A)  The egg and sperm contribute equal numbers of cytoplasmic organelles to the zygote. 
B)  The egg contributes virtually all of the cytoplasmic organelles to the zygote. 
C)  Half of the nuclear chromosomes in the zygote come from the father. 
D)  Half of the nuclear chromosomes in the zygote come from the mother. 
E)  All of the nuclear chromosomes in the zygote come from the mother. 
A)  The egg and sperm contribute equal numbers of cytoplasmic organelles to the zygote. 
B)  The egg contributes virtually all of the cytoplasmic organelles to the zygote. 
C)  Half of the nuclear chromosomes in the zygote come from the father. 
D)  Half of the nuclear chromosomes in the zygote come from the mother. 
E)  All of the nuclear chromosomes in the zygote come from the mother.

Question 3

Whether a pea seed is round or wrinkled is due to a single Mendelian gene, with round seeds being dominant to wrinkled seeds.In the progeny of a test cross, _______ of 80 seeds should be round if the unknown round-seeded individual being tested is heterozygous.

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  20 
C)  40 
D)  60 
E)  80 
A)  0 
B)  20 
C)  40 
D)  60 
E)  80

Question 4

Suppose members of a true-breeding strain of salamanders with yellow stripes are crossed with a true-breeding strain with red stripes.Red and yellow are two alleles of the same gene.The resulting offspring have both yellow stripes and red stripes.What pattern would you expect in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Half will have yellow stripes, and half will have red stripes. 
B)  Half will have both yellow and red stripes, one-quarter will have just yellow stripes, and one-quarter will have just red stripes. 
C)  One-third will have both yellow and red stripes, one-third will have just yellow stripes, and one-third will have just red stripes. 
D)  Half will have both yellow and red stripes, and half will be stripeless. 
E)  One-quarter will have both yellow and red stripes, half will have just yellow stripes, and one-quarter will have just red stripes. 
A)  Half will have yellow stripes, and half will have red stripes. 
B)  Half will have both yellow and red stripes, one-quarter will have just yellow stripes, and one-quarter will have just red stripes. 
C)  One-third will have both yellow and red stripes, one-third will have just yellow stripes, and one-third will have just red stripes. 
D)  Half will have both yellow and red stripes, and half will be stripeless. 
E)  One-quarter will have both yellow and red stripes, half will have just yellow stripes, and one-quarter will have just red stripes.

Question 5

In humans, XO individuals are usually

Accepted Answer

A)  fertile females. 
B)  sterile females. 
C)  monoecious. 
D)  fertile males. 
E)  sterile males. 
A)  fertile females. 
B)  sterile females. 
C)  monoecious. 
D)  fertile males. 
E)  sterile males.

Question 6

If a cross is made and a trait disappears in the F1 generation, only to reappear in the F2, the trait is probably _______.

Accepted Answer

Question 7

Refer to the figure showing a pedigree.   What is the probability that individual B will pass on the trait to his offspring?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure showing a pedigree....

Question 8

Which statement about the theories of blending inheritance and particulate inheritance is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes remain stable across generations according to the theory of blending inheritance, but not according to particulate inheritance. 
B)  Genes remain stable across generations according to the theory of particulate inheritance, but not according to blending inheritance. 
C)  Gametes fuse during fertilization according to the theory of blending inheritance, but not according to particulate inheritance. 
D)  Gametes fuse during fertilization according to the theory of particulate inheritance, but not according to blending inheritance. 
E)  The theory of blending inheritance applies to diploid organisms, whereas the theory of particulate inheritance applies to haploid organisms. 
A)  Genes remain stable across generations according to the theory of blending inheritance, but not according to particulate inheritance. 
B)  Genes remain stable across generations according to the theory of particulate inheritance, but not according to blending inheritance. 
C)  Gametes fuse during fertilization according to the theory of blending inheritance, but not according to particulate inheritance. 
D)  Gametes fuse during fertilization according to the theory of particulate inheritance, but not according to blending inheritance. 
E)  The theory of blending inheritance applies to diploid organisms, whereas the theory of particulate inheritance applies to haploid organisms.

Question 9

In Drosophila, the recessive allele p, when homozygous, determines pink eyes.Pp or PP results in wild-type eye color.On the same chromosome of Drosophila that carries the p (pink eyes) locus there is another locus that affects the wings.Homozygous recessives, byby, have blistery wings, whereas the dominant allele By produces wild-type wings.The P and By loci are very close together on the chromosome; that is, the two loci are tightly linked.Assume that no crossing over occurs, and that the F2 generation is produced by interbreeding the F1 progeny.For the cross PPByBy F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 ppbyby, what is the genotype ratio of the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 PPByBy : 1 ppbyby 
B)  1 PPByBy : 3 ppbyby 
C)  1 PPByBy : 2 PpByby: 1 ppbyby 
D)  3 PpByby : 1 ppbyby 
E)  1 PpByby : 3 PPByBy 
A)  3 PPByBy : 1 ppbyby 
B)  1 PPByBy : 3 ppbyby 
C)  1 PPByBy : 2 PpByby: 1 ppbyby 
D)  3 PpByby : 1 ppbyby 
E)  1 PpByby : 3 PPByBy

Question 10

When a dihybrid black straight-winged fly is crossed with a double-recessive brown curly-winged fly, the frequency at which black curly-winged and brown straight-winged flies are seen in the progeny is called the _______ frequency.(Note: The two genes are linked.)

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation 
B)  mitotic 
C)  meiotic 
D)  allele 
E)  recombinant 
A)  mutation 
B)  mitotic 
C)  meiotic 
D)  allele 
E)  recombinant

Question 11

An individual has a karyotype that is XX but is phenotypically male.What could explain this result?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Y chromosome was not visible in the karyotype. 
B)  Sex is determined by the autosomes and not the X chromosomes. 
C)  A translocation has occurred, placing the SRY gene on one of the X chromosomes. 
D)  The DAX 1 protein is overproduced. 
E)  A nondisjunction event has resulted in Klinefelter syndrome. 
A)  The Y chromosome was not visible in the karyotype. 
B)  Sex is determined by the autosomes and not the X chromosomes. 
C)  A translocation has occurred, placing the SRY gene on one of the X chromosomes. 
D)  The DAX 1 protein is overproduced. 
E)  A nondisjunction event has resulted in Klinefelter syndrome.

Question 12

A true-breeding strain of tall soybean plants is crossed with a true-breeding strain of short soybean plants.All the offspring are short.These offspring are then crossed with each other to create an F2 generation.If the height of soybean plants is due to a single gene, then of 200 F2 plants, _______ should be tall.

Accepted Answer

A)  25 
B)  50 
C)  75 
D)  100 
E)  150 
A)  25 
B)  50 
C)  75 
D)  100 
E)  150

Question 13

Which statement about bacterial conjugation is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It requires meiosis before sex pili form. 
B)  It involves the reciprocal exchange of DNA between cells. 
C)  It is never affected by plasmids. 
D)  It involves a conjugation tube. 
E)  It can transfer plasmids that are subsequently integrated into the main chromosome. 
A)  It requires meiosis before sex pili form. 
B)  It involves the reciprocal exchange of DNA between cells. 
C)  It is never affected by plasmids. 
D)  It involves a conjugation tube. 
E)  It can transfer plasmids that are subsequently integrated into the main chromosome.

Question 14

Mendel performed a cross between two individuals, each heterozygous for three different traits controlled by unlinked genes: Green versus yellow seeds (green is dominant), red versus white flowers (red is dominant), and green versus yellow pods (green is dominant).Of the 64 offspring, how many had green seeds, red flowers, and green pods?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  6 
C)  9 
D)  12 
E)  27 
A)  3 
B)  6 
C)  9 
D)  12 
E)  27

Question 15

What is the probability that a cross between a true-breeding pea plant with spherical seeds and a true-breeding pea plant with wrinkled seeds will produce F1 progeny with spherical seeds?

Accepted Answer

A)  ½ 
B)  ¼ 
C)  0 
D)  1/8 
E)  1 
A)  ½ 
B)  ¼ 
C)  0 
D)  1/8 
E)  1

Question 16

If bacteria could not undergo conjugation, they

Accepted Answer

A)  would not be able to generate as much diversity. 
B)  would not be able to undergo fission. 
C)  would evolve faster. 
D)  could not generate genetically identical individuals. 
E)  could not produce clones. 
A)  would not be able to generate as much diversity. 
B)  would not be able to undergo fission. 
C)  would evolve faster. 
D)  could not generate genetically identical individuals. 
E)  could not produce clones.

Question 17

Suppose one strain of bacteria has genes EFGhijk and another strain has efgHIJK.After these two strains have been in contact for a while, you find some bacteria that are efghijk.What is the most plausible explanation for this occurrence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pleiotropy 
B)  Mutation 
C)  Penetrance 
D)  Conjugation 
E)  Meiosis 
A)  Pleiotropy 
B)  Mutation 
C)  Penetrance 
D)  Conjugation 
E)  Meiosis

Question 18

The ABO blood groups in humans are determined by a multiple-allele system in which IA and IB are codominant and are both dominant to IO.If an infant born to a mother with blood type O is also type O, the father's blood type can be

Accepted Answer

A)  only O or A. 
B)  only A or B. 
C)  only O. 
D)  O, A, or B. 
E)  impossible to determine. 
A)  only O or A. 
B)  only A or B. 
C)  only O. 
D)  O, A, or B. 
E)  impossible to determine.

Question 19

Loci A and B have a recombination frequency of 5 percent.Loci A and C have a frequency of 15 percent.Loci A and D have a frequency of 22 percent.The locus that is likely to be the most distant from locus A is locus _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Loci A and B have a recombination...

Question 20

You have chosen to study the genetics of snapdragon flower color.True-breeding red-flowered plants crossed with true-breeding white-flowered plants generate all pink-flowered F1 offspring.When the F1 offspring are crossed, you get the following numbers of F2 offspring: 24 red, 54 pink, and 22 white.You interpret this inheritance pattern as

Accepted Answer

A)  incomplete dominance. 
B)  codominance. 
C)  epistasis. 
D)  blending. 
E)  pleiotropy. 
A)  incomplete dominance. 
B)  codominance. 
C)  epistasis. 
D)  blending. 
E)  pleiotropy.

Exam 12: Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Which transfusion is most likely to cause an immune reaction?

Alleles for genes located on mitochondrial DNA are said to be maternally inherited.What is the explanation for this pattern of inheritance?

Whether a pea seed is round or wrinkled is due to a single Mendelian gene, with round seeds being dominant to wrinkled seeds.In the progeny of a test cross, _______ of 80 seeds should be round if the unknown round-seeded individual being tested is heterozygous.

Suppose members of a true-breeding strain of salamanders with yellow stripes are crossed with a true-breeding strain with red stripes.Red and yellow are two alleles of the same gene.The resulting offspring have both yellow stripes and red stripes.What pattern would you expect in the F2 generation?

In humans, XO individuals are usually

If a cross is made and a trait disappears in the F1 generation, only to reappear in the F2, the trait is probably _______.

Refer to the figure showing a pedigree. What is the probability that individual B will pass on the trait to his offspring?

Which statement about the theories of blending inheritance and particulate inheritance is correct?

When a dihybrid black straight-winged fly is crossed with a double-recessive brown curly-winged fly, the frequency at which black curly-winged and brown straight-winged flies are seen in the progeny is called the _______ frequency.(Note: The two genes are linked.)

An individual has a karyotype that is XX but is phenotypically male.What could explain this result?

Which statement about bacterial conjugation is true?

What is the probability that a cross between a true-breeding pea plant with spherical seeds and a true-breeding pea plant with wrinkled seeds will produce F1 progeny with spherical seeds?

If bacteria could not undergo conjugation, they

Suppose one strain of bacteria has genes EFGhijk and another strain has efgHIJK.After these two strains have been in contact for a while, you find some bacteria that are efghijk.What is the most plausible explanation for this occurrence?

The ABO blood groups in humans are determined by a multiple-allele system in which IA and IB are codominant and are both dominant to IO.If an infant born to a mother with blood type O is also type O, the father's blood type can be

Loci A and B have a recombination frequency of 5 percent.Loci A and C have a frequency of 15 percent.Loci A and D have a frequency of 22 percent.The locus that is likely to be the most distant from locus A is locus _______.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

If a cross is made and a trait disappears in the F₁ generation, only to reappear in the F₂, the trait is probably _______.

What is the probability that a cross between a true-breeding pea plant with spherical seeds and a true-breeding pea plant with wrinkled seeds will produce F₁ progeny with spherical seeds?

The ABO blood groups in humans are determined by a multiple-allele system in which I^A and I^B are codominant and are both dominant to I^O.If an infant born to a mother with blood type O is also type O, the father's blood type can be