Question 1

Which cell exchanges the most substances and waste products with its environment relative to its internal chemical activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  A spherical cell 1 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10m in diameter 
B)  A spherical cell 2 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10m in diameter 
C)  A spherical cell 3 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10m in diameter 
D)  A spherical cell 4 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10m in diameter 
E)  A nonspherical cell of any diameter 
A)  A spherical cell 1 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10m in diameter 
B)  A spherical cell 2 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10m in diameter 
C)  A spherical cell 3 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10m in diameter 
D)  A spherical cell 4 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10m in diameter 
E)  A nonspherical cell of any diameter A

Question 2

A student claims that the image below demonstrates that life is continuous.   Which statement best evaluates the student's claim?

Accepted Answer

A)  The claim is supported because the image shows how the cell acquires matter from the environment. 
B)  The claim is supported because the image provides information about how the cell obtains energy from its surroundings. 
C)  The claim is supported because the image illustrates how a cell can respond to its environment. 
D)  The claim is not supported because the image does not show how the cell reproduces to form new daughter cells. 
E)  The claim is not supported because the image does not show how the cell transforms matter to make it useful for its continued survival. 
A)  The claim is supported because the image shows how the cell acquires matter from the environment. 
B)  The claim is supported because the image provides information about how the cell obtains energy from its surroundings. 
C)  The claim is supported because the image illustrates how a cell can respond to its environment. 
D)  The claim is not supported because the image does not show how the cell reproduces to form new daughter cells. 
E)  The claim is not supported because the image does not show how the cell transforms matter to make it useful for its continued survival. D

Question 3

Many pieces of evidence support the claim that all modern cells share the same ancestor in their evolutionary histories.If a living organism is discovered on another planet or moon, what data would biologists collect to determine whether this organism also shares the common ancestor that all cells on Earth share?

Accepted Answer

A)  The organism's ability to survive in Earth's atmosphere 
B)  The ability of the organism to reproduce itself 
C)  The chemical composition of the organism's hereditary molecules 
D)  The presence of water in the organism's internal environment 
E)  The organism's ability to extract energy from its external environment 
A)  The organism's ability to survive in Earth's atmosphere 
B)  The ability of the organism to reproduce itself 
C)  The chemical composition of the organism's hereditary molecules 
D)  The presence of water in the organism's internal environment 
E)  The organism's ability to extract energy from its external environment C

Question 4

Suppose you are observing both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, using light microscopy.Your microscope has objectives that can be adjusted to give the following magnifications: 2X, 4X, 10X, 20X, and 100X.If you use the 10X objective to observe human cells with a diameter of 80 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10m, you will likely need to use the _______ objective to observe bacterial cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose you are observing both prokaryotic and...

Question 5

All of the following molecules can be found in extracellular structures except

Accepted Answer

A)  polysaccharides. 
B)  collagen. 
C)  cellulose. 
D)  peptidoglycans. 
E)  lamin. 
A)  polysaccharides. 
B)  collagen. 
C)  cellulose. 
D)  peptidoglycans. 
E)  lamin.

Question 6

What property of organelles and other subcellular structures is used to separate them using the lab technique known as cell fractionation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mass 
B)  Charge 
C)  Composition 
D)  Density 
E)  Shape 
A)  Mass 
B)  Charge 
C)  Composition 
D)  Density 
E)  Shape

Question 7

A student suggests that prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells must be about the same size since both types of cells can be observed using a light microscope.Which statement provides the best response to this suggestion?

Accepted Answer

A)  The suggestion is reasonable because all cells are much smaller than 200 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10m, which is the size of the smallest object that a human can see without aid. 
B)  The suggestion is reasonable because all cells have an upper limit on size that results from limitations to molecular movement in and out of the cell. 
C)  The suggestion is reasonable because prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share the same fundamental structure of an internal cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane. 
D)  The suggestion is not reasonable because eukaryotic cells are found in both unicellular and multicellular organisms, whereas all prokaryotes are unicellular. 
E)  The suggestion is not reasonable because light microscopes can allow a wide range of cell sizes to be seen. 
A)  The suggestion is reasonable because all cells are much smaller than 200 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10m, which is the size of the smallest object that a human can see without aid. 
B)  The suggestion is reasonable because all cells have an upper limit on size that results from limitations to molecular movement in and out of the cell. 
C)  The suggestion is reasonable because prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share the same fundamental structure of an internal cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane. 
D)  The suggestion is not reasonable because eukaryotic cells are found in both unicellular and multicellular organisms, whereas all prokaryotes are unicellular. 
E)  The suggestion is not reasonable because light microscopes can allow a wide range of cell sizes to be seen.

Question 8

The main difference that helps to classify portions of the endomembrane system as RER or SER is the presence or absence of _______ on the surface.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The main difference that helps to classify...

Question 9

A student claims that the study of cell biology can be considered the same as studying life.Which statement makes the best response to this student's claim?

Accepted Answer

A)  No, the claim is not correct because many organisms are composed of many cells, and so the study of cells alone is not sufficient to study life. 
B)  No, the claim is not correct because cells are microscopic and do not represent most living things as we observe them in nature. 
C)  Yes, the claim is correct because cells are the smallest biological unit that expresses all of the same principles of life found in all organisms. 
D)  Yes, the claim is correct because individual cells are easier to study than multicellular organisms that have complex intercellular interactions. 
E)  Yes, the claim is correct because all cells share similar characteristics that allow them to be studied as a group. 
A)  No, the claim is not correct because many organisms are composed of many cells, and so the study of cells alone is not sufficient to study life. 
B)  No, the claim is not correct because cells are microscopic and do not represent most living things as we observe them in nature. 
C)  Yes, the claim is correct because cells are the smallest biological unit that expresses all of the same principles of life found in all organisms. 
D)  Yes, the claim is correct because individual cells are easier to study than multicellular organisms that have complex intercellular interactions. 
E)  Yes, the claim is correct because all cells share similar characteristics that allow them to be studied as a group.

Question 10

The side of the Golgi apparatus facing the ER is the _______ region.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The side of the Golgi apparatus facing...

Question 11

The carotenoid pigments that give ripe tomatoes their red color are contained in organelles called

Accepted Answer

A)  chloroplasts. 
B)  proplastids. 
C)  protoplasts. 
D)  leucoplasts. 
E)  chromoplasts. 
A)  chloroplasts. 
B)  proplastids. 
C)  protoplasts. 
D)  leucoplasts. 
E)  chromoplasts.

Question 12

Refer to the table below.   How do the surface area-to-volume ratios compare for the cells listed in the table, and which cell will have the most rapid transport of materials into its interior? Assume the cells are spherical.

Accepted Answer

A)  The surface area-to-volume ratios increase from A to B to C, with cell A having the most rapid transport. 
B)  The surface area-to-volume ratios increase from A to B to C, with cell B having the most rapid transport. 
C)  The surface area-to-volume ratios increase from A to B to C, with cell C having the most rapid transport. 
D)  The surface area-to-volume ratios increase from C to B to A, with cell A having the most rapid transport. 
E)  The surface area-to-volume ratios increase from C to B to A, with cell C having the most rapid transport. 
A)  The surface area-to-volume ratios increase from A to B to C, with cell A having the most rapid transport. 
B)  The surface area-to-volume ratios increase from A to B to C, with cell B having the most rapid transport. 
C)  The surface area-to-volume ratios increase from A to B to C, with cell C having the most rapid transport. 
D)  The surface area-to-volume ratios increase from C to B to A, with cell A having the most rapid transport. 
E)  The surface area-to-volume ratios increase from C to B to A, with cell C having the most rapid transport.

Question 13

Refer to the figure below.   Which statement describes the process depicted in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  The nuclear envelope and endomembrane system of eukaryotes are thought to have evolved as the result of numerous invaginations of the prokaryotic cell membrane. 
B)  Proteins synthesized by ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum are processed and then transported to the Golgi apparatus to be moved to their final destinations. 
C)  Control of eukaryotic gene expression occurs in the nucleus where genes encoded in the DNA are either transcribed or not, depending on the cell's needs. 
D)  Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, where the base sequences of messenger RNA molecules are translated into amino acid sequences of proteins. 
E)  The cytoskeleton forms a ring structure that constricts during cell division, helping to provide definition and boundaries to the new daughter cells that are formed. 
A)  The nuclear envelope and endomembrane system of eukaryotes are thought to have evolved as the result of numerous invaginations of the prokaryotic cell membrane. 
B)  Proteins synthesized by ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum are processed and then transported to the Golgi apparatus to be moved to their final destinations. 
C)  Control of eukaryotic gene expression occurs in the nucleus where genes encoded in the DNA are either transcribed or not, depending on the cell's needs. 
D)  Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, where the base sequences of messenger RNA molecules are translated into amino acid sequences of proteins. 
E)  The cytoskeleton forms a ring structure that constricts during cell division, helping to provide definition and boundaries to the new daughter cells that are formed.

Question 14

Which structure is involved with maintaining the position of the organelles within a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Golgi apparatus 
B)  Endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  Mitochondrion 
D)  Ribosome 
E)  Intermediate filament 
A)  Golgi apparatus 
B)  Endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  Mitochondrion 
D)  Ribosome 
E)  Intermediate filament

Question 15

Refer to the figure below.   The organelle shown in this figure is a _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure below.  ...

Question 16

Microtubules are made of

Accepted Answer

A)  actin, and they function in locomotion. 
B)  tubulin, and they are essential in chromosome movement during mitosis. 
C)  tubulin, and they are found in microvilli. 
D)  actin, and they function to change cell shape. 
E)  polysaccharides, and they function in locomotion. 
A)  actin, and they function in locomotion. 
B)  tubulin, and they are essential in chromosome movement during mitosis. 
C)  tubulin, and they are found in microvilli. 
D)  actin, and they function to change cell shape. 
E)  polysaccharides, and they function in locomotion.

Question 17

A student created the table below to compare the extracellular matrix of the animal cell with the plant cell wall.   Which statement correctly evaluates the accuracy of the table?

Accepted Answer

A)  The table is accurate as written. 
B)  The descriptions of relationships to cells should be reversed. 
C)  The list of functions is inaccurate for the animal cell ECM. 
D)  The chemical composition of plant cell walls is inaccurate. 
E)  Animal cell ECM and plant cell walls are equally rigid. 
A)  The table is accurate as written. 
B)  The descriptions of relationships to cells should be reversed. 
C)  The list of functions is inaccurate for the animal cell ECM. 
D)  The chemical composition of plant cell walls is inaccurate. 
E)  Animal cell ECM and plant cell walls are equally rigid.

Question 18

An organism made up of many small cells as opposed to one large cell has all of the following properties except

Accepted Answer

A)  increased uptake of necessary nutrients from the environment. 
B)  compartmentalization of functions within the organism. 
C)  increased release of waste products to the environment. 
D)  decreased diffusion between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. 
E)  more efficient transport of materials. 
A)  increased uptake of necessary nutrients from the environment. 
B)  compartmentalization of functions within the organism. 
C)  increased release of waste products to the environment. 
D)  decreased diffusion between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. 
E)  more efficient transport of materials.

Question 19

Ribosomes are made up of

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA and RNA. 
B)  DNA and proteins. 
C)  RNA and proteins. 
D)  proteins only. 
E)  DNA only. 
A)  DNA and RNA. 
B)  DNA and proteins. 
C)  RNA and proteins. 
D)  proteins only. 
E)  DNA only.

Question 20

Proteins that are transported in vesicles are made by

Accepted Answer

A)  the Golgi apparatus. 
B)  ribosomes within the mitochondrion. 
C)  the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  ribosomes within chloroplasts. 
A)  the Golgi apparatus. 
B)  ribosomes within the mitochondrion. 
C)  the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  ribosomes within chloroplasts.

Exam 5: Cells: the Working Units of Life

Which cell exchanges the most substances and waste products with its environment relative to its internal chemical activity?

A student claims that the image below demonstrates that life is continuous. Which statement best evaluates the student's claim?

All of the following molecules can be found in extracellular structures except

What property of organelles and other subcellular structures is used to separate them using the lab technique known as cell fractionation?

A student suggests that prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells must be about the same size since both types of cells can be observed using a light microscope.Which statement provides the best response to this suggestion?

The main difference that helps to classify portions of the endomembrane system as RER or SER is the presence or absence of _______ on the surface.

A student claims that the study of cell biology can be considered the same as studying life.Which statement makes the best response to this student's claim?

The side of the Golgi apparatus facing the ER is the _______ region.

The carotenoid pigments that give ripe tomatoes their red color are contained in organelles called

Refer to the table below. How do the surface area-to-volume ratios compare for the cells listed in the table, and which cell will have the most rapid transport of materials into its interior? Assume the cells are spherical.

Refer to the figure below. Which statement describes the process depicted in the figure?

Which structure is involved with maintaining the position of the organelles within a cell?

Refer to the figure below. The organelle shown in this figure is a _______.

Microtubules are made of

A student created the table below to compare the extracellular matrix of the animal cell with the plant cell wall. Which statement correctly evaluates the accuracy of the table?

An organism made up of many small cells as opposed to one large cell has all of the following properties except

Ribosomes are made up of

Proteins that are transported in vesicles are made by

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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