Question 1

What is the main difference, if any, between transformation and transfection?

Accepted Answer

A)  The nature of the source of the recombinant DNA-it is transformation if the recombinant DNA is only from animals; otherwise it is transfection. 
B)  The nature of the source of the recombinant DNA-it is transfection if the recombinant DNA is only from animals; otherwise it is transformation. 
C)  The nature of the host cells-it is transformation if the host cells are animal cells; otherwise it is transfection. 
D)  The nature of the host cells-it is transfection if the host cells are animal cells; otherwise it is transformation. 
E)  There is no difference between the two terms. 
A)  The nature of the source of the recombinant DNA-it is transformation if the recombinant DNA is only from animals; otherwise it is transfection. 
B)  The nature of the source of the recombinant DNA-it is transfection if the recombinant DNA is only from animals; otherwise it is transformation. 
C)  The nature of the host cells-it is transformation if the host cells are animal cells; otherwise it is transfection. 
D)  The nature of the host cells-it is transfection if the host cells are animal cells; otherwise it is transformation. 
E)  There is no difference between the two terms. D

Question 2

In the construction of an expression vector, a signal sequence

Accepted Answer

A)  allows for the expression of a gene in a particular tissue only. 
B)  allows the expression of a gene to be turned on or off. 
C)  allows the gene product to be directed to an appropriate location. 
D)  makes a gene responsive to cell signaling. 
E)  acts as a reporter gene for the expressed protein. 
A)  allows for the expression of a gene in a particular tissue only. 
B)  allows the expression of a gene to be turned on or off. 
C)  allows the gene product to be directed to an appropriate location. 
D)  makes a gene responsive to cell signaling. 
E)  acts as a reporter gene for the expressed protein. C

Question 3

Refer to the figure showing how genomic libraries can be constructed.   Use the information in the figure to briefly describe the ways a cDNA library differs from a genomic DNA library.

Accepted Answer

The cDNA library is made from mRNA, which is then reverse transcribed to make cDNA. Thus, it contains only the genes that are transcribed and is smaller than the genomic library made from the same organism.

Question 4

In bacteria with CRISPR systems, the spacer sequences recognize viral DNA by binding to it.This complex is then cut by the enzyme _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In bacteria with CRISPR systems, the spacer...

Question 5

cDNA libraries

Accepted Answer

A)  are the same as genomic libraries. 
B)  include DNA from noncoding sequences. 
C)  require DNA polymerase to generate. 
D)  are complementary DNA libraries made from mRNA. 
E)  contain all the genes of an organism. 
A)  are the same as genomic libraries. 
B)  include DNA from noncoding sequences. 
C)  require DNA polymerase to generate. 
D)  are complementary DNA libraries made from mRNA. 
E)  contain all the genes of an organism.

Question 6

It is suspected that the gene DEFT regulates the expression of many other genes.How could one test this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Knock out different genes using CRISPR, then see how DEFT is expressed using microarrays. 
B)  Knock out different genes using CRISPR, then see how DEFT is expressed using RNAi. 
C)  Use CRISPR to knock DEFT out, then use microarrays to examine how genes are expressed with and without DEFT expression. 
D)  Use CRISPR to knock DEFT out, then use RNAi to examine how genes are expressed with and without DEFT expression. 
E)  Use microarrays to knock out DEFT, then use RT-PCR to see how genes are expressed with and without DEFT expression. 
A)  Knock out different genes using CRISPR, then see how DEFT is expressed using microarrays. 
B)  Knock out different genes using CRISPR, then see how DEFT is expressed using RNAi. 
C)  Use CRISPR to knock DEFT out, then use microarrays to examine how genes are expressed with and without DEFT expression. 
D)  Use CRISPR to knock DEFT out, then use RNAi to examine how genes are expressed with and without DEFT expression. 
E)  Use microarrays to knock out DEFT, then use RT-PCR to see how genes are expressed with and without DEFT expression.

Question 7

Suppose that you want to express a protein from animal cells using recombinant DNA technology.You would probably prefer to use yeast as the host rather than E.coli because yeast

Accepted Answer

A)  has most of the characteristics of other eukaryotic cells, whereas bacteria do not. 
B)  is a multicellular organism, whereas E. coli is not. 
C)  has a smaller genome than E. coli. 
D)  is a prokaryote, whereas E. coli is a eukaryote. 
E)  is easier to cultivate than E. coli. 
A)  has most of the characteristics of other eukaryotic cells, whereas bacteria do not. 
B)  is a multicellular organism, whereas E. coli is not. 
C)  has a smaller genome than E. coli. 
D)  is a prokaryote, whereas E. coli is a eukaryote. 
E)  is easier to cultivate than E. coli.

Question 8

A plasmid contains the gene for tetracycline resistance and a lacZ gene that has a restriction site in it.Foreign DNA has the same restriction site at its ends.Host bacteria are transformed with the recombinant DNA and grown on medium with tetracycline and X-Gal.Colonies that are producing F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-galactosidase and are resistant to tetracycline are carrying

Accepted Answer

A)  nothing. 
B)  only lacZ. 
C)  foreign DNA only. 
D)  the intact plasmid only. 
E)  the plasmid with foreign DNA. 
A)  nothing. 
B)  only lacZ. 
C)  foreign DNA only. 
D)  the intact plasmid only. 
E)  the plasmid with foreign DNA.

Question 9

You are interested in determining which genes are being expressed in a muscle cell at a particular time in the development of a chicken.For this, you will most likely use

Accepted Answer

A)  a cDNA library. 
B)  a genomic library. 
C)  CRISPR technology. 
D)  antisense RNA. 
E)  interference RNA. 
A)  a cDNA library. 
B)  a genomic library. 
C)  CRISPR technology. 
D)  antisense RNA. 
E)  interference RNA.

Question 10

In attempts to make transformation more likely to occur, what is typically used to create temporary pores in the membranes through which the DNA can enter?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA ligase 
B)  Increasing the temperature 
C)  Decreasing the temperature 
D)  Selective markers 
E)  Electric shocks 
A)  DNA ligase 
B)  Increasing the temperature 
C)  Decreasing the temperature 
D)  Selective markers 
E)  Electric shocks

Question 11

EcoRI makes staggered cuts when it cleaves DNA, creating single-stranded tails called "sticky ends." These ends can bind to complementary bases.Assuming that concentration of the cut DNA strands is not rate limiting, in order for the complementary ends to base pair, which condition is necessary?

Accepted Answer

A)  The presence of specific helicases 
B)  Sufficiently high temperature 
C)  The presence of methyl groups at the end of each DNA strand 
D)  Sufficiently low temperature 
E)  Phosphodiester bonds between the complementary DNA strands 
A)  The presence of specific helicases 
B)  Sufficiently high temperature 
C)  The presence of methyl groups at the end of each DNA strand 
D)  Sufficiently low temperature 
E)  Phosphodiester bonds between the complementary DNA strands

Question 12

A plasmid library and a phage library are constructed from the same genetic material.Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The phage library has more clones than the plasmid library because each phage clone contains less DNA. 
B)  The phage library has fewer clones than the plasmid library because each phage clone contains more DNA. 
C)  The phage library has fewer clones than the plasmid library because phage libraries do not include nontranscribed DNA. 
D)  The plasmid library has fewer clones than the phage library because plasmid libraries do not include nontranscribed DNA. 
E)  The phage library has fewer clones than the plasmid library because phage libraries do not include nontranslated DNA. 
A)  The phage library has more clones than the plasmid library because each phage clone contains less DNA. 
B)  The phage library has fewer clones than the plasmid library because each phage clone contains more DNA. 
C)  The phage library has fewer clones than the plasmid library because phage libraries do not include nontranscribed DNA. 
D)  The plasmid library has fewer clones than the phage library because plasmid libraries do not include nontranscribed DNA. 
E)  The phage library has fewer clones than the plasmid library because phage libraries do not include nontranslated DNA.

Question 13

Which statement about recombinant DNA is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  All restriction endonucleases generate blunt-end fragments. 
B)  Hydrogen bonds between base pairs are very strong. 
C)  Blunt ends are exposed bases that can hybridize with complementary sequence fragments. 
D)  Sticky ends prevent DNA ligase activity. 
E)  Restriction endonucleases cut both strands of DNA simultaneously. 
A)  All restriction endonucleases generate blunt-end fragments. 
B)  Hydrogen bonds between base pairs are very strong. 
C)  Blunt ends are exposed bases that can hybridize with complementary sequence fragments. 
D)  Sticky ends prevent DNA ligase activity. 
E)  Restriction endonucleases cut both strands of DNA simultaneously.

Question 14

Which activity would be considered transfection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inserting a DNA sequence from cows into a plant host 
B)  Inserting a DNA sequence from humans into a mouse host 
C)  Inserting a DNA sequence from humans into a bacterial host 
D)  Using green fluorescent protein as a reporter gene 
E)  Using a gene that codes for antibiotic resistance as a reporter gene 
A)  Inserting a DNA sequence from cows into a plant host 
B)  Inserting a DNA sequence from humans into a mouse host 
C)  Inserting a DNA sequence from humans into a bacterial host 
D)  Using green fluorescent protein as a reporter gene 
E)  Using a gene that codes for antibiotic resistance as a reporter gene

Question 15

Which statement about antisense RNA and RNAi is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antisense RNA and RNAi both block translation, but antisense RNA is generally preferred. 
B)  Antisense RNA and RNAi both block translation, but RNAi is generally preferred. 
C)  Antisense RNA and RNAi both block transcription, but antisense RNA is generally preferred. 
D)  Antisense RNA and RNAi both block transcription, but RNAi is generally preferred. 
E)  Antisense RNA and RNAi are different names for the same technique. 
A)  Antisense RNA and RNAi both block translation, but antisense RNA is generally preferred. 
B)  Antisense RNA and RNAi both block translation, but RNAi is generally preferred. 
C)  Antisense RNA and RNAi both block transcription, but antisense RNA is generally preferred. 
D)  Antisense RNA and RNAi both block transcription, but RNAi is generally preferred. 
E)  Antisense RNA and RNAi are different names for the same technique.

Question 16

Variation at a specific gene is known to affect flower color in monkeyflowers, but it is not clear which of the nucleotides are responsible for the changes.Of the techniques discussed in the chapter, mutagenesis using _______ would be most relevant for revealing which of the nucleotides affects flower color.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Variation at a specific gene is known...

Question 17

A biologist is producing many identical copies of the gene that encodes the enzyme phosphofructokinase.What is the biologist doing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pharming 
B)  Transfecting 
C)  Transforming 
D)  Cloning 
E)  Producing recombinant DNA 
A)  Pharming 
B)  Transfecting 
C)  Transforming 
D)  Cloning 
E)  Producing recombinant DNA

Question 18

The production of a human hormone in milk from a transgenic cow is an example of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The production of a human hormone in...

Question 19

A plasmid that is to be used in a biotechnology lab is being modified to be more useful as a vector.What is the most likely alteration that will be made?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adding a CAS9 site 
B)  Adding several unique restriction enzyme recognition sites 
C)  Electroporation 
D)  Adding a replicon 
E)  Adding a genomic library 
A)  Adding a CAS9 site 
B)  Adding several unique restriction enzyme recognition sites 
C)  Electroporation 
D)  Adding a replicon 
E)  Adding a genomic library

Question 20

DNA polymerase is most likely to recognize and copy DNA that is part of a

Accepted Answer

A)  complementary DNA. 
B)  transgene. 
C)  reporter gene. 
D)  replicon. 
E)  selectable marker. 
A)  complementary DNA. 
B)  transgene. 
C)  reporter gene. 
D)  replicon. 
E)  selectable marker.

Exam 18: Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

What is the main difference, if any, between transformation and transfection?

In the construction of an expression vector, a signal sequence

Refer to the figure showing how genomic libraries can be constructed. Use the information in the figure to briefly describe the ways a cDNA library differs from a genomic DNA library.

In bacteria with CRISPR systems, the spacer sequences recognize viral DNA by binding to it.This complex is then cut by the enzyme _______.

cDNA libraries

It is suspected that the gene DEFT regulates the expression of many other genes.How could one test this?

Suppose that you want to express a protein from animal cells using recombinant DNA technology.You would probably prefer to use yeast as the host rather than E.coli because yeast

You are interested in determining which genes are being expressed in a muscle cell at a particular time in the development of a chicken.For this, you will most likely use

In attempts to make transformation more likely to occur, what is typically used to create temporary pores in the membranes through which the DNA can enter?

EcoRI makes staggered cuts when it cleaves DNA, creating single-stranded tails called "sticky ends." These ends can bind to complementary bases.Assuming that concentration of the cut DNA strands is not rate limiting, in order for the complementary ends to base pair, which condition is necessary?

A plasmid library and a phage library are constructed from the same genetic material.Which statement is true?

Which statement about recombinant DNA is true?

Which activity would be considered transfection?

Which statement about antisense RNA and RNAi is true?

A biologist is producing many identical copies of the gene that encodes the enzyme phosphofructokinase.What is the biologist doing?

The production of a human hormone in milk from a transgenic cow is an example of _______.

A plasmid that is to be used in a biotechnology lab is being modified to be more useful as a vector.What is the most likely alteration that will be made?

DNA polymerase is most likely to recognize and copy DNA that is part of a

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters