Question 1

Which statement about protists is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most protists are found in terrestrial habitats. 
B)  Protists have many different metabolic lifestyles. 
C)  Protists use pseudopods, cilia, or flagella for locomotion. 
D)  Several groups of protists use contractile vacuoles to rid themselves of excess water. 
E)  Many protists are photosynthetic. 
A)  Most protists are found in terrestrial habitats. 
B)  Protists have many different metabolic lifestyles. 
C)  Protists use pseudopods, cilia, or flagella for locomotion. 
D)  Several groups of protists use contractile vacuoles to rid themselves of excess water. 
E)  Many protists are photosynthetic. A

Question 2

Which statement about diatoms is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have shells made of calcium carbonate. 
B)  They are responsible for about one-fifth of the photosynthetic carbon fixation on Earth. 
C)  They are one of several types of marine phytoplankton. 
D)  They store oil for energy and flotation. 
E)  Their male gametes have flagella. 
A)  They have shells made of calcium carbonate. 
B)  They are responsible for about one-fifth of the photosynthetic carbon fixation on Earth. 
C)  They are one of several types of marine phytoplankton. 
D)  They store oil for energy and flotation. 
E)  Their male gametes have flagella. A

Question 3

Which pairing of a type of protists with its effects and functions is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Radiolarians: color results from pigments in photosynthetic endosymbionts 
B)  Diatoms: produce red tides 
C)  Dinoflagellates: insufficient sunlight causes coral bleaching 
D)  Foraminiferans: fossils are components of limestone 
E)  Diatoms: fossil remains contribute to petrochemical resources 
A)  Radiolarians: color results from pigments in photosynthetic endosymbionts 
B)  Diatoms: produce red tides 
C)  Dinoflagellates: insufficient sunlight causes coral bleaching 
D)  Foraminiferans: fossils are components of limestone 
E)  Diatoms: fossil remains contribute to petrochemical resources B

Question 4

What evidence exists that the glaucophytes are one of the earliest groups to branch off from eukaryotes following the primary endosymbiosis of a cyanobacterium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Remnants of the peptidoglycan-containing cell wall of the cyanobacterium can be found between membrane layers of the chloroplast. 
B)  Their chloroplasts contain the same pigments as those of early land plants and green algae. 
C)  There are three membranes that surround the chloroplast. 
D)  The glaucophyte chloroplast has retained some of the DNA and rRNA genes from its cyanobacterial ancestor. 
E)  A vestigial nucleus from the cyanobacterial ancestor is present in the chloroplast. 
A)  Remnants of the peptidoglycan-containing cell wall of the cyanobacterium can be found between membrane layers of the chloroplast. 
B)  Their chloroplasts contain the same pigments as those of early land plants and green algae. 
C)  There are three membranes that surround the chloroplast. 
D)  The glaucophyte chloroplast has retained some of the DNA and rRNA genes from its cyanobacterial ancestor. 
E)  A vestigial nucleus from the cyanobacterial ancestor is present in the chloroplast.

Question 5

Which of the following is not an asexual reproductive process among microbial eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Binary fission 
B)  Multiple fission 
C)  Budding 
D)  Spore formation 
E)  Meiosis 
A)  Binary fission 
B)  Multiple fission 
C)  Budding 
D)  Spore formation 
E)  Meiosis

Question 6

A multinucleate plasmodium results from a process of

Accepted Answer

A)  conjugation and mitosis. 
B)  cytokinesis and conjugation. 
C)  mitosis without cytokinesis. 
D)  conjugation without mitosis. 
E)  cytokinesis without mitosis. 
A)  conjugation and mitosis. 
B)  cytokinesis and conjugation. 
C)  mitosis without cytokinesis. 
D)  conjugation without mitosis. 
E)  cytokinesis without mitosis.

Question 7

The first significant injection of oxygen into the environment was the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  prokaryotic photosynthesis using photosynthetic pigments. 
B)  prokaryotes using organelles, which detoxified oxygen. 
C)  photosynthesis by chloroplasts in eukaryotes. 
D)  energy metabolism in mitochondria of eukaryotes. 
E)  improved gas and nutrient exchange allowed by the flexible cell membranes of eukaryotes. 
A)  prokaryotic photosynthesis using photosynthetic pigments. 
B)  prokaryotes using organelles, which detoxified oxygen. 
C)  photosynthesis by chloroplasts in eukaryotes. 
D)  energy metabolism in mitochondria of eukaryotes. 
E)  improved gas and nutrient exchange allowed by the flexible cell membranes of eukaryotes.

Question 8

The chloroplast of red algae retains certain pigments that have been lost in green algal chloroplasts.The evolutionary significance of this is that

Accepted Answer

A)  red algae are cyanobacteria. 
B)  neither green algae nor red algae can be classified as protists. 
C)  the genes encoding these pigments originate from the archaeal heterotroph that engulfed the chloroplast. 
D)  the genes encoding these pigments are of a proteobacterial origin. 
E)  the genes encoding these pigments are of cyanobacterial origin. 
A)  red algae are cyanobacteria. 
B)  neither green algae nor red algae can be classified as protists. 
C)  the genes encoding these pigments originate from the archaeal heterotroph that engulfed the chloroplast. 
D)  the genes encoding these pigments are of a proteobacterial origin. 
E)  the genes encoding these pigments are of cyanobacterial origin.

Question 9

Malaria is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  Toxoplasma, an apicomplexan. 
B)  Plasmodium, an apicomplexan. 
C)  dinoflagellates of the genus Karenia. 
D)  the ciliate Paramecium. 
E)  a lobosean amoeba. 
A)  Toxoplasma, an apicomplexan. 
B)  Plasmodium, an apicomplexan. 
C)  dinoflagellates of the genus Karenia. 
D)  the ciliate Paramecium. 
E)  a lobosean amoeba.

Question 10

Many dinoflagellates are _______ that have _______.Most live in _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  ciliates; chloroplasts; the oceans 
B)  endosymbionts; two flagella; the oceans 
C)  stramenopiles; two flagella; rivers 
D)  endosymbionts; cilia; rivers 
E)  endosymbionts; two flagella; rivers 
A)  ciliates; chloroplasts; the oceans 
B)  endosymbionts; two flagella; the oceans 
C)  stramenopiles; two flagella; rivers 
D)  endosymbionts; cilia; rivers 
E)  endosymbionts; two flagella; rivers

Question 11

Which group uses lobe-shaped pseudopods for locomotion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amoebozoans 
B)  Radiolarians 
C)  Euglenids 
D)  Foraminiferans 
E)  Ciliates 
A)  Amoebozoans 
B)  Radiolarians 
C)  Euglenids 
D)  Foraminiferans 
E)  Ciliates

Question 12

Refer to the figure.   This phylogenetic tree shows the predicted evolutionary relationships between protists and other eukaryotes.Based on the tree, _______ are a _______ group.

Accepted Answer

A)  protists; monophyletic 
B)  protists; polyphyletic 
C)  protists; paraphyletic 
D)  eukaryotes; polyphyletic 
E)  eukaryotes; paraphyletic 
A)  protists; monophyletic 
B)  protists; polyphyletic 
C)  protists; paraphyletic 
D)  eukaryotes; polyphyletic 
E)  eukaryotes; paraphyletic

Question 13

Which is the best description of an absorptive heterotroph?

Accepted Answer

A)  It secretes enzymes that digest large molecules into smaller molecules it can absorb. 
B)  It engulfs large molecules into food vacuoles where acids digest them into nutrients. 
C)  It absorbs sunlight energy used to digest food particles. 
D)  It is both photosynthetic and heterotrophic. 
E)  It is absorbed into other organisms for nutrients. 
A)  It secretes enzymes that digest large molecules into smaller molecules it can absorb. 
B)  It engulfs large molecules into food vacuoles where acids digest them into nutrients. 
C)  It absorbs sunlight energy used to digest food particles. 
D)  It is both photosynthetic and heterotrophic. 
E)  It is absorbed into other organisms for nutrients.

Question 14

Why are protists economically relevant? Discuss an example of how a particular protist might affect the economy.

Accepted Answer

There are several examples of protists t

Question 15

Two members of the excavate clade that can cause disease are

Accepted Answer

A)  euglenids and kinetoplastids. 
B)  dinoflagellates and apicomplexans. 
C)  loboseans and plasmodial slime molds. 
D)  cercozoans and foraminiferans. 
E)  diplomonads and parabasalids. 
A)  euglenids and kinetoplastids. 
B)  dinoflagellates and apicomplexans. 
C)  loboseans and plasmodial slime molds. 
D)  cercozoans and foraminiferans. 
E)  diplomonads and parabasalids.

Question 16

Which statement about brown algae is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are multicellular. 
B)  They are closely related to red algae. 
C)  They contain chlorophyll a. 
D)  They contain fucoxanthin. 
E)  They are almost exclusively marine species. 
A)  They are multicellular. 
B)  They are closely related to red algae. 
C)  They contain chlorophyll a. 
D)  They contain fucoxanthin. 
E)  They are almost exclusively marine species.

Question 17

Photosynthetic euglenids are likely to have evolved from an ancestral eukaryote that engulfed a green algal cell.Which statement concerning this engulfment is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Euglenids have the same photosynthetic pigments as a green alga. 
B)  Euglenids were prokaryotes until acquisition of the green alga. 
C)  The chloroplast of the euglenid has multiple surrounding membranes. 
D)  This engulfment represents secondary endosymbiosis. 
E)  Euglenids have a flexible cell membrane. 
A)  Euglenids have the same photosynthetic pigments as a green alga. 
B)  Euglenids were prokaryotes until acquisition of the green alga. 
C)  The chloroplast of the euglenid has multiple surrounding membranes. 
D)  This engulfment represents secondary endosymbiosis. 
E)  Euglenids have a flexible cell membrane.

Question 18

Refer to the figure.   Assuming all cells are haploid, the figure shows

Accepted Answer

A)  isomorphic alternation of generations found in cellular slime molds. 
B)  heteromorphic alternation of generations found in cellular slime molds. 
C)  isomorphic alternation of generations found in plasmodial slime molds. 
D)  asexual reproduction found in cellular slime molds. 
E)  asexual reproduction found in plasmodial slime molds. 
A)  isomorphic alternation of generations found in cellular slime molds. 
B)  heteromorphic alternation of generations found in cellular slime molds. 
C)  isomorphic alternation of generations found in plasmodial slime molds. 
D)  asexual reproduction found in cellular slime molds. 
E)  asexual reproduction found in plasmodial slime molds.

Question 19

Which process is not part of conjugation in Paramecium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Meiosis 
B)  Mitosis 
C)  Cytokinesis 
D)  Fusion of haploid nuclei 
E)  Breakdown of some micronuclei 
A)  Meiosis 
B)  Mitosis 
C)  Cytokinesis 
D)  Fusion of haploid nuclei 
E)  Breakdown of some micronuclei

Question 20

Which of the following did not provide evidence that chloroplasts arose from the engulfment of a cyanobacterium by a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electron microscopy 
B)  Nucleic acid sequencing 
C)  Presence of cyanobacterial photosynthetic pigments in green plants 
D)  Presence of peptidoglycan in glaucophytes 
E)  Presence of cyanobacterial pigments in red algae 
A)  Electron microscopy 
B)  Nucleic acid sequencing 
C)  Presence of cyanobacterial photosynthetic pigments in green plants 
D)  Presence of peptidoglycan in glaucophytes 
E)  Presence of cyanobacterial pigments in red algae

Exam 26: The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Which statement about protists is false?

Which statement about diatoms is false?

Which pairing of a type of protists with its effects and functions is incorrect?

What evidence exists that the glaucophytes are one of the earliest groups to branch off from eukaryotes following the primary endosymbiosis of a cyanobacterium?

Which of the following is not an asexual reproductive process among microbial eukaryotes?

A multinucleate plasmodium results from a process of

The first significant injection of oxygen into the environment was the result of

The chloroplast of red algae retains certain pigments that have been lost in green algal chloroplasts.The evolutionary significance of this is that

Malaria is caused by

Many dinoflagellates are _______ that have _______.Most live in _______.

Which group uses lobe-shaped pseudopods for locomotion?

Refer to the figure. This phylogenetic tree shows the predicted evolutionary relationships between protists and other eukaryotes.Based on the tree, _______ are a _______ group.

Which is the best description of an absorptive heterotroph?

Why are protists economically relevant? Discuss an example of how a particular protist might affect the economy.

Two members of the excavate clade that can cause disease are

Which statement about brown algae is false?

Photosynthetic euglenids are likely to have evolved from an ancestral eukaryote that engulfed a green algal cell.Which statement concerning this engulfment is false?

Refer to the figure. Assuming all cells are haploid, the figure shows

Which process is not part of conjugation in Paramecium?

Which of the following did not provide evidence that chloroplasts arose from the engulfment of a cyanobacterium by a eukaryotic cell?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

Many dinoflagellates are ___ that have _.Most live in _____.

Refer to the figure. This phylogenetic tree shows the predicted evolutionary relationships between protists and other eukaryotes.Based on the tree, _ are a _ group.