Exam 7: A: Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

Describe the main features of the typical classical conditioning experiment,including the four temporal patterns that Pavlov could have used.Distinguish between extinction,spontaneous recovery,and stimulus generalization.Then compare Pavlov's contiguity view with more recent explanations of conditioning.

Primary reinforcers are best described as formerly neutral stimuli that have become reinforcers because they have been associated with conditioned reinforcers.

A researcher pairs a tone of 1200 Hz with an electric shock in a conditioning experiment.On some trials,tones of 1000 Hz or 1500 Hz are presented without the shock.What is this experiment most likely to illustrate?

The first time a child is inoculated for measles,he responds by crying.The next time he visits the doctor for his booster shot,he cries as soon as he sees the nurse who gave him the first shot.In the context of classical conditioning,what does the nurse represent?

Mary has a phobia of spiders and received treatment with a therapist.The therapy worked,because at the end of the sessions,she was able to hold a spider in her hands.However,she finished her therapy in the winter,so she went many months without seeing any spiders.The following spring when the spiders were out again,she found her fear was back as well.Which term best captures this scenario?

In classical conditioning,what happens following extinction if the original CS-UCS pairing is renewed?

Discuss the findings of researchers with respect to the cognitive abilities of nonhuman animals,focusing on cognitive maps and conceptual behaviour.

Colleen feels fine when enters the classroom,but as soon as the teacher announces a surprise quiz she immediately feels her pulse quicken and her stomach churn.Which term best describes Colleen's reaction to the teacher's announcement?

The book,Psychology from the Standpoint of a Behaviourist,was written by John Watson.

What position was formulated by B.F.Skinner?

The parents are trying to get their three-year-old daughter to go to bed without fussing,but sometimes they give in to her tears and let her stay up later.What can be expected of the child's fussing behaviour?

Which of the following behaviours is most likely to have been acquired through the process of classical conditioning?

The predictors of reinforcement that signal when particular behaviours will result in positive reinforcement are known as __________ stimuli.

A researcher decides to replicate some of the work on operant conditioning carried out by B.F.Skinner.Which approach would the researcher most likely take?

B.F.Skinner is most closely associated with which aspect of learning?

In a __________ schedule of reinforcement,the reinforcer comes after a set number of responses.

A pigeon is in a box pecking different coloured keys.When the red key lights up,food is delivered shortly after,but when the green key lights up,no food is delivered.After a while,the pigeon starts pecking the red key but not the green key.What is this experiment most likely examining?

"In classical conditioning,as in telling a good joke,timing is critical." What did the authors of the textbook mean?

A research assistant proposes to replicate Watson and Rayner's study.How would an ethics review board likely respond?

Research has confirmed that drug addicts may die of an overdose even when they have taken less than their normal dosage of a drug.