Question 1

Under which schedule of reinforcement do response rates show a "scalloped" pattern?

Accepted Answer

A) FR 
B) VR 
C) FI 
D) VI 
A) FR 
B) VR 
C) FI 
D) VI

Question 2

Even after a classically conditioned response has been extinguished,it may reappear.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which example illustrates the use of a primary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A) a twenty-dollar bill slipped to Gary by his dad. 
B) a chuckle from a friend when Gary makes a joke. 
C) a plate of spaghetti when Gary is hungry. 
D) a trophy for Gary for winning a miniature golf tournament. 
A) a twenty-dollar bill slipped to Gary by his dad. 
B) a chuckle from a friend when Gary makes a joke. 
C) a plate of spaghetti when Gary is hungry. 
D) a trophy for Gary for winning a miniature golf tournament.

Question 4

Skinner referred to the sequence of discriminative stimulus-behaviour-consequence as the __________ and believed that it could explain most human action.

Accepted Answer

three-term

Question 5

A research assistant in listening to John Watson as he describes one of his potential experiments.What primary measure will Watson likely suggest?

Accepted Answer

A) learning rather than performance. 
B) verbal reports of the thoughts of participants. 
C) responses on questionnaires about emotions. 
D) observable behaviour. 
A) learning rather than performance. 
B) verbal reports of the thoughts of participants. 
C) responses on questionnaires about emotions. 
D) observable behaviour.

Question 6

What did John Watson believe that psychologists should study?

Accepted Answer

A) observable behaviour. 
B) participants' verbal reports of sensations,images,and feelings. 
C) learning rather than performance. 
D) states of consciousness. 
A) observable behaviour. 
B) participants' verbal reports of sensations,images,and feelings. 
C) learning rather than performance. 
D) states of consciousness.

Question 7

Which statement about classical conditioning is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) The CR cannot be similar to the UCR. 
B) The CS is the response the CR elicits as a product of learning. 
C) The UCS naturally elicits a reflexive behaviour. 
D) The stimulus paired with the UCS must bring about a CR prior to the beginning of conditioning trials. 
A) The CR cannot be similar to the UCR. 
B) The CS is the response the CR elicits as a product of learning. 
C) The UCS naturally elicits a reflexive behaviour. 
D) The stimulus paired with the UCS must bring about a CR prior to the beginning of conditioning trials.

Question 8

Once a CR has been conditioned to a particular CS,similar stimuli may also elicit the response.Which term best reflects this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) instinctual drift. 
B) spontaneous recovery. 
C) stimulus discrimination. 
D) stimulus generalization. 
A) instinctual drift. 
B) spontaneous recovery. 
C) stimulus discrimination. 
D) stimulus generalization.

Question 9

Which statement about viewing television violence is supported by the majority of research studies?

Accepted Answer

A) It does not bring about increases in aggressive behaviour. 
B) It leads viewers to underestimate the occurrences of real-world violence. 
C) It may bring about a reduction in both emotional arousal and distress at viewing violent behaviour. 
D) It has a cathartic effect. 
A) It does not bring about increases in aggressive behaviour. 
B) It leads viewers to underestimate the occurrences of real-world violence. 
C) It may bring about a reduction in both emotional arousal and distress at viewing violent behaviour. 
D) It has a cathartic effect.

Question 10

Which process increases the range of stimuli to which a CR will be made?

Accepted Answer

A) extinction 
B) spontaneous recovery 
C) stimulus discrimination 
D) stimulus generalization 
A) extinction 
B) spontaneous recovery 
C) stimulus discrimination 
D) stimulus generalization

Question 11

In classical conditioning trials,which term characterizes the behaviour that is naturally elicited by the stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) reflexive 
B) orienting 
C) conditioned 
D) unconditioned 
A) reflexive 
B) orienting 
C) conditioned 
D) unconditioned

Question 12

Describe the difference between four schedules of reinforcement.Include graphs of what the pattern of response would look like on the cumulative recorder.Provide real life examples for each.

Accepted Answer

A description of each schedule

Question 13

According to Gerald Patterson's coercion model,what role do parents play in the development of their children's antisocial behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) They use exceedingly large amounts of reinforcement with their children to prevent misbehaviour. 
B) They occasionally use large amounts of reinforcement,but often ignore misbehaviour. 
C) They encourage children to misbehave,then punish them when they do so. 
D) They make threats that often have no consequences,but are sometimes followed by strong discipline. 
A) They use exceedingly large amounts of reinforcement with their children to prevent misbehaviour. 
B) They occasionally use large amounts of reinforcement,but often ignore misbehaviour. 
C) They encourage children to misbehave,then punish them when they do so. 
D) They make threats that often have no consequences,but are sometimes followed by strong discipline.

Question 14

On average,a telemarketer makes a sale after every 72 calls.What schedule of reinforcement is being described?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-interval 
B) fixed-ratio 
C) variable-ratio 
D) variable-interval 
A) fixed-interval 
B) fixed-ratio 
C) variable-ratio 
D) variable-interval

Question 15

Which term characterizes the most widely used type of conditioning wherein the CS comes on prior to and stays on at least until the UCS is presented?

Accepted Answer

A) trace 
B) simultaneous 
C) backward 
D) delay 
A) trace 
B) simultaneous 
C) backward 
D) delay

Question 16

What do stimulus generalization gradients demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A) human behaviour is relatively slow to adapt. 
B) the most important attribute of a CS is its intensity. 
C) less time is necessary to reacquire a response than to acquire it originally. 
D) the more similar a stimulus is to the original CS,the stronger a CR will be. 
A) human behaviour is relatively slow to adapt. 
B) the most important attribute of a CS is its intensity. 
C) less time is necessary to reacquire a response than to acquire it originally. 
D) the more similar a stimulus is to the original CS,the stronger a CR will be.

Question 17

A friend has taught her dog to bark whenever she says "Speak." Now,she wants to teach him a new trick by saying "Sit," but he barks whenever she says "Sit." Which term best captures the dog's behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) stimulus generalization. 
C) stimulus discrimination. 
D) extinction. 
A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) stimulus generalization. 
C) stimulus discrimination. 
D) extinction.

Question 18

After engaging in more positive social interactions,psychiatric patients are given plastic chips that can be exchanged later for rewards and privileges.Which term best reflects this approach?

Accepted Answer

A) self-reinforcement systems. 
B) token economies. 
C) verbal reinforcements. 
D) reinforcement exchanges. 
A) self-reinforcement systems. 
B) token economies. 
C) verbal reinforcements. 
D) reinforcement exchanges.

Question 19

How does negative reinforcement increase the probability of a response?

Accepted Answer

A) By the presentation of an aversive stimulus. 
B) By the removal of an aversive stimulus. 
C) By the removal of an appetitive stimulus. 
D) By the presentation of an appetitive stimulus. 
A) By the presentation of an aversive stimulus. 
B) By the removal of an aversive stimulus. 
C) By the removal of an appetitive stimulus. 
D) By the presentation of an appetitive stimulus.

Question 20

The __________ states that the power of a stimulus to evoke a response is strengthened when the response is followed by a reward,and it is weakened when the response is not followed by a reward.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ states that the power of...

Exam 7: A: Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

Under which schedule of reinforcement do response rates show a "scalloped" pattern?

Even after a classically conditioned response has been extinguished,it may reappear.

Which example illustrates the use of a primary reinforcer?

Skinner referred to the sequence of discriminative stimulus-behaviour-consequence as the __________ and believed that it could explain most human action.

A research assistant in listening to John Watson as he describes one of his potential experiments.What primary measure will Watson likely suggest?

What did John Watson believe that psychologists should study?

Which statement about classical conditioning is accurate?

Once a CR has been conditioned to a particular CS,similar stimuli may also elicit the response.Which term best reflects this phenomenon?

Which statement about viewing television violence is supported by the majority of research studies?

Which process increases the range of stimuli to which a CR will be made?

In classical conditioning trials,which term characterizes the behaviour that is naturally elicited by the stimulus?

Describe the difference between four schedules of reinforcement.Include graphs of what the pattern of response would look like on the cumulative recorder.Provide real life examples for each.

According to Gerald Patterson's coercion model,what role do parents play in the development of their children's antisocial behaviour?

On average,a telemarketer makes a sale after every 72 calls.What schedule of reinforcement is being described?

Which term characterizes the most widely used type of conditioning wherein the CS comes on prior to and stays on at least until the UCS is presented?

What do stimulus generalization gradients demonstrate?

A friend has taught her dog to bark whenever she says "Speak." Now,she wants to teach him a new trick by saying "Sit," but he barks whenever she says "Sit." Which term best captures the dog's behaviour?

After engaging in more positive social interactions,psychiatric patients are given plastic chips that can be exchanged later for rewards and privileges.Which term best reflects this approach?

How does negative reinforcement increase the probability of a response?

The __________ states that the power of a stimulus to evoke a response is strengthened when the response is followed by a reward,and it is weakened when the response is not followed by a reward.

Psychology and Life

A: Psychology and Life

Research Methods in Psychology

A: Research Methods in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behaviour

A: Evolutionary Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: the Biological Bases of Behaviour

Mind,consciousness,and Alternate States

A: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

A: Mind,consciousness,and Alternate States

Memory

Cognitive Processes

A: Memory

Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

A: Cognitive Processes

Human Development Across the Life Span

A: Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

Motivation

A: Human Development Across the Life Span

Emotion,stress,and Health

A: Emotion,stress,and Health

Understanding Human Personality

A: Understanding Human Personality

Psychological Disorders

A: Psychological Disorders

Social Psychology

A: Social Psychology

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