Exam 7: Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

Any event whose presence decreases the likelihood that ongoing behaviour will recur is __________.

A woodchuck tries to crack a walnut shell in two different ways-with his paws and with his teeth.The last method worked and the first did not,hence the woodchuck will be more likely to rely on his teeth for splitting the next nut.This observation illustrates the:

Thorndike is to _______ as Skinner is to _______.

On a fixed-interval schedule,reinforcement is given for the __________.

The 5-year-old of two very busy parents has been throwing tantrums.Whenever the child goes off the deep end,one or both of his parents immediately come to his side and fuss over and cajole him.Nevertheless,his tantrums do not diminish; they even seem to increase.We may assume that his parents' fussing over him serves as a _______.

Many individuals decide that they feel hungry and eat lunch when they see both hands of the clock on the 12,indicating that it is noon.This may occur regardless of how recently they ate breakfast.In this example,the conditioned response is:

Sandy's favourite activity is to go to Las Vegas and play the slot machines.Her gambling behaviour is being reinforced on a __________ schedule.

Once conditioning has been acquired,presenting just the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus produces:

Abigail is trying to figure out how she can BEST use employee pay to shape her employees' behaviour.She is worried about consistent behaviour,not speed.Therefore,she is interested in getting a slow but steady rate of response from her workers.According to reinforcement principles,she should probably use a ________ schedule.

Aunt Bea gave Opie fried chicken livers every time he made his bed.Opie began making his bed more often than he used to.In this example,chicken livers are a _______ reinforcer.

This is the first exam you have ever taken in Professor Smith's class.You know nothing about her tests,and she has never done anything harmful to you or anyone else.Nonetheless,you are anxious about the test.Your anxiety in this situation is an example of:

When you were first learning to make your bed,your parents told you that you did a good job when you got the bedspread pulled up,even though the bed was still a little messy.In the next week they showed you how to be a little neater each time you made the bed.What operant conditioning procedure did your parents use?

Thorndike's main apparatus in his operant conditioning research was:

A person originally feared great heights,such as standing on top of tall buildings.Now the person has also developed fears of flying in airplanes,standing on ladders,and even watching high-wire artists perform.These new fears are probably the result of _______.

Negative reinforcement is best thought of as:

A grandmother gives her grandchild a cookie because the child cleaned up her room.What is the cookie in this example?

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?