Question 1

_______ are located only within the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensory 
B)  Motor 
C)  Relay interneurons 
D)  Projection neurons 
E)  Schwann cells 
A)  Sensory 
B)  Motor 
C)  Relay interneurons 
D)  Projection neurons 
E)  Schwann cells

Question 2

The scar tissue generated in the brain by _______ cells acts to impede the regrowth of nerve cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  astrocytes 
B)  microglia 
C)  Schwann cells 
D)  axon terminals 
E)  phagocytes 
A)  astrocytes 
B)  microglia 
C)  Schwann cells 
D)  axon terminals 
E)  phagocytes

Question 3

In a neuron at rest, the interior of the cell is more ________ charged than is the exterior of the cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a neuron at rest, the interior...

Question 4

Most _______ are secreted into the extracellular fluid from endocrine glands or tissues.

Accepted Answer

A)  neurotransmitters 
B)  neuropeptides 
C)  modulators 
D)  hormones 
E)  pheromones 
A)  neurotransmitters 
B)  neuropeptides 
C)  modulators 
D)  hormones 
E)  pheromones

Question 5

Sodium ions will be pushed into a resting neuron by the forces of

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivation of potassium channels; diffusion. 
B)  electrostatic pressure; sodium-potassium pump activation. 
C)  sodium-potassium pump activation; diffusion. 
D)  ion channel inactivation; diffusion. 
E)  diffusion; electrostatic pressure. 
A)  inactivation of potassium channels; diffusion. 
B)  electrostatic pressure; sodium-potassium pump activation. 
C)  sodium-potassium pump activation; diffusion. 
D)  ion channel inactivation; diffusion. 
E)  diffusion; electrostatic pressure.

Question 6

_______ are positively charged ionic particles.

Accepted Answer

A)  Transmitters 
B)  Solvents 
C)  Electrolytes 
D)  Cations 
E)  Anions 
A)  Transmitters 
B)  Solvents 
C)  Electrolytes 
D)  Cations 
E)  Anions

Question 7

The simplest version of a withdrawal from pain reflex is a

Accepted Answer

A)  pain receptor that synapses onto an interneuron, which in turn activates a motor neuron in the spinal cord. 
B)  pain receptor that projects to the thalamus, which then projects to motor cortex and then back down to the spinal cord. 
C)  motor neuron within the spinal cord that is spontaneously active. 
D)  sensory neuron in the visual cortex that synapses onto a motor neuron in the spinal cord. 
E)  motor neuron that activates sensory fibers. 
A)  pain receptor that synapses onto an interneuron, which in turn activates a motor neuron in the spinal cord. 
B)  pain receptor that projects to the thalamus, which then projects to motor cortex and then back down to the spinal cord. 
C)  motor neuron within the spinal cord that is spontaneously active. 
D)  sensory neuron in the visual cortex that synapses onto a motor neuron in the spinal cord. 
E)  motor neuron that activates sensory fibers.

Question 8

Which of the following is true of ion distribution across the axon membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chloride ions are more concentrated inside the axon membrane. 
B)  Potassium ions are more concentrated outside the cell membrane. 
C)  The action potential is the balance point between diffusion and electrostatic pressure. 
D)  Sodium ions are more concentrated outside the axon membrane. 
E)  Sodium ions are more concentrated inside the axon membrane. 
A)  Chloride ions are more concentrated inside the axon membrane. 
B)  Potassium ions are more concentrated outside the cell membrane. 
C)  The action potential is the balance point between diffusion and electrostatic pressure. 
D)  Sodium ions are more concentrated outside the axon membrane. 
E)  Sodium ions are more concentrated inside the axon membrane.

Question 9

Signals are carried across the synapse by

Accepted Answer

A)  direct electrical connections between the two cells. 
B)  the secretion of transmitter molecules into the synapse. 
C)  the transfer of ions from one cell to another. 
D)  carrier molecules. 
E)  the sodium-potassium pump. 
A)  direct electrical connections between the two cells. 
B)  the secretion of transmitter molecules into the synapse. 
C)  the transfer of ions from one cell to another. 
D)  carrier molecules. 
E)  the sodium-potassium pump.

Question 10

A substance that forms oppositely charged particles when dissolved into water would be termed a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  ion. 
B)  molecule. 
C)  electrolyte. 
D)  cation. 
E)  anion. 
A)  ion. 
B)  molecule. 
C)  electrolyte. 
D)  cation. 
E)  anion.

Question 11

Regrowth of a damaged axon can occur more readily in the peripheral nervous system than in the brain because

Accepted Answer

A)  Schwann cells form barriers to axon regrowth. 
B)  Schwann cells form cylinders through which new axons can grow and reinnervate a target cell nerve cell. 
C)  Schwann cells generate a chemical signal that instructs nerve cells to die. 
D)  Astrocytes form cylinders through which new axons can grow and reinnervate a target cell nerve cell. 
E)  Oligodendroglia form barriers to axon regrowth. 
A)  Schwann cells form barriers to axon regrowth. 
B)  Schwann cells form cylinders through which new axons can grow and reinnervate a target cell nerve cell. 
C)  Schwann cells generate a chemical signal that instructs nerve cells to die. 
D)  Astrocytes form cylinders through which new axons can grow and reinnervate a target cell nerve cell. 
E)  Oligodendroglia form barriers to axon regrowth.

Question 12

Neurons of the central nervous system are provided nutrients, oxygen, and physical support by _______ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  Schwann 
B)  glial or neuroglial 
C)  Golgi 
D)  stem 
E)  microtubule 
A)  Schwann 
B)  glial or neuroglial 
C)  Golgi 
D)  stem 
E)  microtubule

Question 13

Which of the following is consistent with the "all-or-none" law?

Accepted Answer

A)  The action potential will diminish to near 0 mV when transmitted down a long axon. 
B)  The action potential fires at the same rate regardless of the inputs to the neuron. 
C)  The action potential is conducted more rapidly down the axon as it reaches the axon terminal. 
D)  The action potential is produced whenever the membrane potential reaches threshold. 
E)  The action potential travels only in one direction. 
A)  The action potential will diminish to near 0 mV when transmitted down a long axon. 
B)  The action potential fires at the same rate regardless of the inputs to the neuron. 
C)  The action potential is conducted more rapidly down the axon as it reaches the axon terminal. 
D)  The action potential is produced whenever the membrane potential reaches threshold. 
E)  The action potential travels only in one direction.

Question 14

Match up the correct receptor type and effect:

Accepted Answer

A)  ionotropic; direct opening of an ion channel 
B)  ionotropic; more time required to open an ion channel 
C)  ionotropic; G protein activation leads to activation of a second-messenger 
D)  metabotropic; second-messenger effects are specific to neuronal communication 
E)  metabotropic; rapid short-lived effects on ion channels 
A)  ionotropic; direct opening of an ion channel 
B)  ionotropic; more time required to open an ion channel 
C)  ionotropic; G protein activation leads to activation of a second-messenger 
D)  metabotropic; second-messenger effects are specific to neuronal communication 
E)  metabotropic; rapid short-lived effects on ion channels

Question 15

Which of the following is an important advantage associated with saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  More sodium ions have to be pumped out of the cell after an action potential. 
B)  Myelin allows the nerve cell to recycle neurotransmitter molecules. 
C)  Less transmitter is required to send a message across the next synapse. 
D)  Myelin speeds up the velocity at which an axon can conduct an action potential. 
E)  Myelin requires that nerve cell axons be larger in order to conduct a signal rapidly. 
A)  More sodium ions have to be pumped out of the cell after an action potential. 
B)  Myelin allows the nerve cell to recycle neurotransmitter molecules. 
C)  Less transmitter is required to send a message across the next synapse. 
D)  Myelin speeds up the velocity at which an axon can conduct an action potential. 
E)  Myelin requires that nerve cell axons be larger in order to conduct a signal rapidly.

Question 16

Mary Walker used _______ to treat the muscle weakness associated with the disease _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  atropine; myasthenia gravis 
B)  physostigmine; multiple sclerosis 
C)  acetylcholinesterase; diabetes 
D)  acetylcholinesterase; multiple sclerosis 
E)  physostigmine; myasthenia gravis 
A)  atropine; myasthenia gravis 
B)  physostigmine; multiple sclerosis 
C)  acetylcholinesterase; diabetes 
D)  acetylcholinesterase; multiple sclerosis 
E)  physostigmine; myasthenia gravis

Question 17

Movement of cargo from one end of the axon to the other involves _______ along the _______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  axoplasmic transport; myelin sheath 
B)  facilitated diffusion; exterior of the cell membrane 
C)  facilitated diffusion; neurofilaments 
D)  protein synthesis; microtubules 
E)  axoplasmic transport; microtubules 
A)  axoplasmic transport; myelin sheath 
B)  facilitated diffusion; exterior of the cell membrane 
C)  facilitated diffusion; neurofilaments 
D)  protein synthesis; microtubules 
E)  axoplasmic transport; microtubules

Question 18

Neuromodulators are

Accepted Answer

A)  rarely of a peptide form. 
B)  secreted from neurons, but dispersed widely in the brain. 
C)  inevitably inhibitory. 
D)  secreted from a neuron and only affect an adjacent neuron. 
E)  typically secreted in very small amounts compared to neurotransmitters. 
A)  rarely of a peptide form. 
B)  secreted from neurons, but dispersed widely in the brain. 
C)  inevitably inhibitory. 
D)  secreted from a neuron and only affect an adjacent neuron. 
E)  typically secreted in very small amounts compared to neurotransmitters.

Question 19

Proteins are produced within the neuron cytoplasm by

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria. 
B)  ribosomes. 
C)  lysosomes. 
D)  the cytoskeleton. 
E)  nucleoli. 
A)  mitochondria. 
B)  ribosomes. 
C)  lysosomes. 
D)  the cytoskeleton. 
E)  nucleoli.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurons have a high metabolic rate. 
B)  The dendrites store nutrients and oxygen for the neuron. 
C)  Dead neurons are consumed by other neurons. 
D)  Neurons make up 29% of the volume of the brain. 
E)  Neurons can survive for hours without oxygen. 
A)  Neurons have a high metabolic rate. 
B)  The dendrites store nutrients and oxygen for the neuron. 
C)  Dead neurons are consumed by other neurons. 
D)  Neurons make up 29% of the volume of the brain. 
E)  Neurons can survive for hours without oxygen.

_______ are located only within the central nervous system.

The scar tissue generated in the brain by _______ cells acts to impede the regrowth of nerve cells.

In a neuron at rest, the interior of the cell is more ________ charged than is the exterior of the cell.

Most _______ are secreted into the extracellular fluid from endocrine glands or tissues.

Sodium ions will be pushed into a resting neuron by the forces of

_______ are positively charged ionic particles.

The simplest version of a withdrawal from pain reflex is a

Which of the following is true of ion distribution across the axon membrane?

Signals are carried across the synapse by

A substance that forms oppositely charged particles when dissolved into water would be termed a(n)

Regrowth of a damaged axon can occur more readily in the peripheral nervous system than in the brain because

Neurons of the central nervous system are provided nutrients, oxygen, and physical support by _______ cells.

Which of the following is consistent with the "all-or-none" law?

Match up the correct receptor type and effect:

Which of the following is an important advantage associated with saltatory conduction?

Mary Walker used _ to treat the muscle weakness associated with the disease _.

Movement of cargo from one end of the axon to the other involves _ along the _ .

Neuromodulators are

Proteins are produced within the neuron cytoplasm by

Which of the following is true of neurons?

Introduction

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

Exam 2: Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

_______ are located only within the central nervous system.

The scar tissue generated in the brain by _______ cells acts to impede the regrowth of nerve cells.

In a neuron at rest, the interior of the cell is more ________ charged than is the exterior of the cell.

Most _______ are secreted into the extracellular fluid from endocrine glands or tissues.

Sodium ions will be pushed into a resting neuron by the forces of

_______ are positively charged ionic particles.

The simplest version of a withdrawal from pain reflex is a

Which of the following is true of ion distribution across the axon membrane?

Signals are carried across the synapse by

A substance that forms oppositely charged particles when dissolved into water would be termed a(n)

Regrowth of a damaged axon can occur more readily in the peripheral nervous system than in the brain because

Neurons of the central nervous system are provided nutrients, oxygen, and physical support by _______ cells.

Which of the following is consistent with the "all-or-none" law?

Match up the correct receptor type and effect:

Which of the following is an important advantage associated with saltatory conduction?

Mary Walker used _______ to treat the muscle weakness associated with the disease _______.

Movement of cargo from one end of the axon to the other involves _______ along the _______ .

Neuromodulators are

Proteins are produced within the neuron cytoplasm by

Which of the following is true of neurons?

Introduction

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

Mary Walker used _ to treat the muscle weakness associated with the disease _.

Movement of cargo from one end of the axon to the other involves _ along the _ .