Question 1

Which of the following was suggested as an advantage associated with myelination?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myelin changes the height of the action potential. 
B)  Myelin increases the energy requirements of the nerve cell. 
C)  Myelin slows down conduction speed. 
D)  Myelin reduces the threshold for induction of an action potential. 
E)  Myelin speeds up axon conduction speed. 
A)  Myelin changes the height of the action potential. 
B)  Myelin increases the energy requirements of the nerve cell. 
C)  Myelin slows down conduction speed. 
D)  Myelin reduces the threshold for induction of an action potential. 
E)  Myelin speeds up axon conduction speed.

Question 2

Presynaptic facilitation is associated with _______ synapses and involves a(n) _______ in the amount of transmitter released per action potential.

Accepted Answer

A)  axodendritic; decrease 
B)  axosomatic; increase 
C)  gap junction; decrease 
D)  axoaxonic; increase 
E)  gap junction; increase 
A)  axodendritic; decrease 
B)  axosomatic; increase 
C)  gap junction; decrease 
D)  axoaxonic; increase 
E)  gap junction; increase

Question 3

As a consequence of the activity of the sodium-potassium transporters,

Accepted Answer

A)  extracellular sodium concentrations are kept low. 
B)  intracellular sodium concentrations are kept very high. 
C)  extracellular potassium concentrations are kept very high. 
D)  intracellular sodium concentrations are kept low. 
E)  very little energy is required to maintain ionic differences across the membrane. 
A)  extracellular sodium concentrations are kept low. 
B)  intracellular sodium concentrations are kept very high. 
C)  extracellular potassium concentrations are kept very high. 
D)  intracellular sodium concentrations are kept low. 
E)  very little energy is required to maintain ionic differences across the membrane.

Question 4

The interior of a neuron at rest

Accepted Answer

A)  has the same ionic concentrations as the outside. 
B)  is at the same voltage potential as the outside. 
C)  has a higher sodium concentration than outside. 
D)  is negatively charged relative to the outside. 
E)  has a lower potassium concentration than outside. 
A)  has the same ionic concentrations as the outside. 
B)  is at the same voltage potential as the outside. 
C)  has a higher sodium concentration than outside. 
D)  is negatively charged relative to the outside. 
E)  has a lower potassium concentration than outside.

Question 5

The primary symptom shown by Kathryn D. was

Accepted Answer

A)  severe nausea. 
B)  inability to sleep. 
C)  muscle weakness. 
D)  distortions of memory. 
E)  difficulty in recognizing facial displays of emotion. 
A)  severe nausea. 
B)  inability to sleep. 
C)  muscle weakness. 
D)  distortions of memory. 
E)  difficulty in recognizing facial displays of emotion.

Question 6

Movement of _______ ions _______ the axon would be induced by the force of diffusion.

Accepted Answer

A)  chloride; out of 
B)  sodium; into 
C)  potassium; into 
D)  organic; into 
E)  sodium; out of 
A)  chloride; out of 
B)  sodium; into 
C)  potassium; into 
D)  organic; into 
E)  sodium; out of

Question 7

Myelination of brain nerve axon membranes is accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A)  oligodendrocytes. 
B)  microglia. 
C)  astrocytes. 
D)  neurocytes. 
E)  Schwann cells. 
A)  oligodendrocytes. 
B)  microglia. 
C)  astrocytes. 
D)  neurocytes. 
E)  Schwann cells.

Question 8

Motor neurons control the activity of the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Motor neurons control the activity of the...

Question 9

2-________ receptors involve the direct opening of an ion channel, whereas metabotropic
receptors involve the action of second messenger molecules inside the postsynaptic cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 2-________ receptors involve the direct opening of...

Question 10

The nucleus of the nerve cell is located within the

Accepted Answer

A)  soma. 
B)  axon. 
C)  axon terminals. 
D)  dendrites. 
E)  mitochondria. 
A)  soma. 
B)  axon. 
C)  axon terminals. 
D)  dendrites. 
E)  mitochondria.

Question 11

________ are bead-like structures that extract energy from nutrients.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ are bead-like structures that extract energy...

Question 12

2- As it conducts along the axon membrane toward the terminal buttons, a subthreshold depolarization ________ in size.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 2- As it conducts along the axon...

Question 13

The function of a _______ in a giant squid physiology experiment is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  microelectrode; inject potassium ions into the axon 
B)  voltmeter; stimulate the interior of the axon 
C)  microelectrode; compare the electric charge of the interior with that of the exterior 
D)  voltmeter; compare the electric charge of the interior with that of the exterior 
E)  microelectrode; dampen the electric charge within the axon 
A)  microelectrode; inject potassium ions into the axon 
B)  voltmeter; stimulate the interior of the axon 
C)  microelectrode; compare the electric charge of the interior with that of the exterior 
D)  voltmeter; compare the electric charge of the interior with that of the exterior 
E)  microelectrode; dampen the electric charge within the axon

Question 14

_______ neurons function to contract muscles.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensory 
B)  Motor 
C)  Inter- 
D)  Relay 
E)  Local 
A)  Sensory 
B)  Motor 
C)  Inter- 
D)  Relay 
E)  Local

Question 15

Which of the following represents a correct match between a neuronal organelle and its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria; extraction of energy 
B)  Golgi apparatus; extraction of energy 
C)  endoplasmic reticulum; breakdown of proteins 
D)  microtubules; transport of chemicals through the cell membrane 
E)  mitochondria; formation of vesicles 
A)  mitochondria; extraction of energy 
B)  Golgi apparatus; extraction of energy 
C)  endoplasmic reticulum; breakdown of proteins 
D)  microtubules; transport of chemicals through the cell membrane 
E)  mitochondria; formation of vesicles

Question 16

With regard to release of neurotransmitter in the brain, "kiss and run" refers to the situation in which the vesicle

Accepted Answer

A)  releases most of its contents into the cleft and the vesicle remains attached to the presynaptic membrane. 
B)  closes before releasing any molecules and then moves to the cell interior. 
C)  remains open until the next action potential. 
D)  releases most of its contents into the cleft after which the vesicle breaks away from the presynaptic membrane and is refilled. 
E)  merges completely with the presynaptic membrane. 
A)  releases most of its contents into the cleft and the vesicle remains attached to the presynaptic membrane. 
B)  closes before releasing any molecules and then moves to the cell interior. 
C)  remains open until the next action potential. 
D)  releases most of its contents into the cleft after which the vesicle breaks away from the presynaptic membrane and is refilled. 
E)  merges completely with the presynaptic membrane.

Question 17

Explain why the termination step of the neural communication process is a key target for therapeutic drugs.

Accepted Answer

Autoreceptors are sensitive to the trans

Question 18

Loss of dendritic branches on _______ would be expected to impair the ability to sense temperature and touch.

Accepted Answer

A)  bipolar neurons 
B)  multipolar neurons 
C)  unipolar neurons 
D)  apolar neurons 
E)  motor neurons 
A)  bipolar neurons 
B)  multipolar neurons 
C)  unipolar neurons 
D)  apolar neurons 
E)  motor neurons

Question 19

_______ are charged particles formed when an electrolyte dissolves in water.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ions 
B)  Solvents 
C)  Transmitters 
D)  Electrons 
E)  Solutes 
A)  Ions 
B)  Solvents 
C)  Transmitters 
D)  Electrons 
E)  Solutes

Question 20

Which of the following is correct regarding axoplasmic transport?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dendrograde transport involves moving substances from the dendrites to the soma. 
B)  Retrograde transport involves moving substances from the soma to the axon terminals. 
C)  The kinesin molecule is involved in anterograde transport. 
D)  Retrograde transport is twice as fast as anterograde transport. 
E)  The dynein molecule is involved in anterograde transport. 
A)  Dendrograde transport involves moving substances from the dendrites to the soma. 
B)  Retrograde transport involves moving substances from the soma to the axon terminals. 
C)  The kinesin molecule is involved in anterograde transport. 
D)  Retrograde transport is twice as fast as anterograde transport. 
E)  The dynein molecule is involved in anterograde transport.

Which of the following was suggested as an advantage associated with myelination?

Presynaptic facilitation is associated with _ synapses and involves a(n) _ in the amount of transmitter released per action potential.

As a consequence of the activity of the sodium-potassium transporters,

The interior of a neuron at rest

The primary symptom shown by Kathryn D. was

Movement of _ ions _ the axon would be induced by the force of diffusion.

Myelination of brain nerve axon membranes is accomplished by

Motor neurons control the activity of the ________.

2-________ receptors involve the direct opening of an ion channel, whereas metabotropic receptors involve the action of second messenger molecules inside the postsynaptic cell.

The nucleus of the nerve cell is located within the

________ are bead-like structures that extract energy from nutrients.

2- As it conducts along the axon membrane toward the terminal buttons, a subthreshold depolarization ________ in size.

The function of a _ in a giant squid physiology experiment is to _.

_______ neurons function to contract muscles.

Which of the following represents a correct match between a neuronal organelle and its function?

With regard to release of neurotransmitter in the brain, "kiss and run" refers to the situation in which the vesicle

Explain why the termination step of the neural communication process is a key target for therapeutic drugs.

Loss of dendritic branches on _______ would be expected to impair the ability to sense temperature and touch.

_______ are charged particles formed when an electrolyte dissolves in water.

Which of the following is correct regarding axoplasmic transport?

Introduction

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

Exam 2: Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Which of the following was suggested as an advantage associated with myelination?

Presynaptic facilitation is associated with _______ synapses and involves a(n) _______ in the amount of transmitter released per action potential.

As a consequence of the activity of the sodium-potassium transporters,

The interior of a neuron at rest

The primary symptom shown by Kathryn D. was

Movement of _______ ions _______ the axon would be induced by the force of diffusion.

Myelination of brain nerve axon membranes is accomplished by

Motor neurons control the activity of the ________.

2-________ receptors involve the direct opening of an ion channel, whereas metabotropic receptors involve the action of second messenger molecules inside the postsynaptic cell.

The nucleus of the nerve cell is located within the

________ are bead-like structures that extract energy from nutrients.

2- As it conducts along the axon membrane toward the terminal buttons, a subthreshold depolarization ________ in size.

The function of a _______ in a giant squid physiology experiment is to _______.

_______ neurons function to contract muscles.

Which of the following represents a correct match between a neuronal organelle and its function?

With regard to release of neurotransmitter in the brain, "kiss and run" refers to the situation in which the vesicle

Explain why the termination step of the neural communication process is a key target for therapeutic drugs.

Loss of dendritic branches on _______ would be expected to impair the ability to sense temperature and touch.

_______ are charged particles formed when an electrolyte dissolves in water.

Which of the following is correct regarding axoplasmic transport?

Introduction

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

Presynaptic facilitation is associated with _ synapses and involves a(n) _ in the amount of transmitter released per action potential.

Movement of _ ions _ the axon would be induced by the force of diffusion.

The function of a _ in a giant squid physiology experiment is to _.