Question 1

What is the best way to reduce the social desirability bias in research?

Accepted Answer

A) use random sampling 
B) provide anonymity and confidentiality 
C) use random assignment 
D) submit the research to peer review 
A) use random sampling 
B) provide anonymity and confidentiality 
C) use random assignment 
D) submit the research to peer review

Question 2

Why is it important to make sure that different participant groups are roughly equivalent in terms of personal characteristics (e.g. ,age,gender)before any independent variable is introduced?

Accepted Answer

A) It is important to treat all research participants equally so that they feel that they are not being manipulated. 
B) Research ethics forbid any experiment to take place when the participant groups are fundamentally different from each other. 
C) It is important so that no major differences between the groups unduly bias the results of the experiment. 
D) This is generally what happens when participants are allowed to choose their own groups. 
A) It is important to treat all research participants equally so that they feel that they are not being manipulated. 
B) Research ethics forbid any experiment to take place when the participant groups are fundamentally different from each other. 
C) It is important so that no major differences between the groups unduly bias the results of the experiment. 
D) This is generally what happens when participants are allowed to choose their own groups.

Question 3

An experiment is said to be __________ when neither researchers nor participants are aware of who is in the experimental or control group.

Accepted Answer

A) single-blind 
B) unfalsifiable 
C) a placebo 
D) double-blind 
A) single-blind 
B) unfalsifiable 
C) a placebo 
D) double-blind

Question 4

A group of researchers are studying depression in a sample of patients.Each researcher independently assesses the level of depression in each patient,but their assessments do not match.The problem with the research is that

Accepted Answer

A) depression cannot be studied scientifically. 
B) the researchers do not have an objective measure of depression. 
C) there are too many researchers. 
D) the patients are not really depressed. 
A) depression cannot be studied scientifically. 
B) the researchers do not have an objective measure of depression. 
C) there are too many researchers. 
D) the patients are not really depressed.

Question 5

The only research design that allows one to make inferences on cause- effect is the ________ design.

Accepted Answer

A) case study 
B) correlational 
C) experimental 
D) naturalistic observation 
A) case study 
B) correlational 
C) experimental 
D) naturalistic observation

Question 6

Without the process of replication as part of the scientific process,what would happen?

Accepted Answer

A) Incorrect results would often go uncorrected. 
B) Demand characteristics would have larger effect on data. 
C) The Hawthorne effect would increase. 
D) Samples would be less representative of the populations they came from. 
A) Incorrect results would often go uncorrected. 
B) Demand characteristics would have larger effect on data. 
C) The Hawthorne effect would increase. 
D) Samples would be less representative of the populations they came from.

Question 7

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Researchers typically study populations because it is often too difficult to study samples. 
B) Researchers typically study samples because it is often too difficult to study populations. 
C) Researchers typically include both samples and populations in their research. 
D) Researchers typically avoid studying both populations and samples. 
A) Researchers typically study populations because it is often too difficult to study samples. 
B) Researchers typically study samples because it is often too difficult to study populations. 
C) Researchers typically include both samples and populations in their research. 
D) Researchers typically avoid studying both populations and samples.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a descriptive research method?

Accepted Answer

A) case study 
B) naturalistic observation 
C) experiment 
D) survey 
A) case study 
B) naturalistic observation 
C) experiment 
D) survey

Question 9

In a single-blind study,who is "blind" to the treatment?

Accepted Answer

A) the peer reviewers 
B) the participants 
C) the experimenters 
D) both the experimenters and participants 
A) the peer reviewers 
B) the participants 
C) the experimenters 
D) both the experimenters and participants

Question 10

A frequency distribution with a cluster of scores and a long tail to its left is called a ________________ distribution.

Accepted Answer

A) negatively skewed 
B) positively skewed 
C) normal 
D) biased 
A) negatively skewed 
B) positively skewed 
C) normal 
D) biased

Question 11

One key aspect of an experiment that is missing in other research designs is

Accepted Answer

A) the ability to test predictions. 
B) the use of variables. 
C) the use of operational definitions. 
D) random assignment. 
A) the ability to test predictions. 
B) the use of variables. 
C) the use of operational definitions. 
D) random assignment.

Question 12

The group that receives the manipulation of an independent variable is called the _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) control group 
B) dependent group 
C) experimental group. 
D) independent group 
A) control group 
B) dependent group 
C) experimental group. 
D) independent group

Question 13

__________ is the extent to which a measure assesses what it claims to measure.

Accepted Answer

A) Operationalization 
B) Reliability 
C) Validity 
D) Control group 
A) Operationalization 
B) Reliability 
C) Validity 
D) Control group

Question 14

Dr.Watson wanted to know which gender was better at sharing at the sixth-grade level,so he went to the local middle school to observe lunch periods.This is a form of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) case study 
B) naturalistic observation 
C) experimental design 
D) confirmation bias 
A) case study 
B) naturalistic observation 
C) experimental design 
D) confirmation bias

Question 15

According to your text,which of the following have researchers concluded about the "Mozart effect"?

Accepted Answer

A) Listening to classical music,but not other types of music,causes a long-lasting improvement in several types of thinking and reasoning. 
B) Listening to all types of music causes a long-lasting improvement in several types of thinking and reasoning. 
C) Listening to classical music appears to have only a small,short-lasting effect on spatial reasoning. 
D) Listening to classical music has no effect on any type of thinking or reasoning. 
A) Listening to classical music,but not other types of music,causes a long-lasting improvement in several types of thinking and reasoning. 
B) Listening to all types of music causes a long-lasting improvement in several types of thinking and reasoning. 
C) Listening to classical music appears to have only a small,short-lasting effect on spatial reasoning. 
D) Listening to classical music has no effect on any type of thinking or reasoning.

Question 16

Dr.Stanhope is trying to determine which type of correlation is represented on his scatterplot,in which nearly all of his data are clustered along a diagonal line running from higher numbers on the left down to lower numbers on the right.Which type of correlation is represented by this pattern?

Accepted Answer

A) positive 
B) zero 
C) negative 
D) We need more information to draw a conclusion. 
A) positive 
B) zero 
C) negative 
D) We need more information to draw a conclusion.

Question 17

A medical doctor believes that the presence of aromatherapy candles will reduce the anxiety of first-time mothers-to-be during labour and will increase their reported satisfaction with their care at his hospital.He randomly assigns mothers to give birth in a room either with or without aromatherapy candles.What is the independent variable in this example?

Accepted Answer

A) anxiety level during labour 
B) number of previous birthing experiences 
C) room environment 
D) satisfaction with hospital care 
A) anxiety level during labour 
B) number of previous birthing experiences 
C) room environment 
D) satisfaction with hospital care

Question 18

A researcher wants to see whether she can make the typical administrative assistant job more motivating at Acme,Inc.To experimentally investigate this possibility,she randomly assigns administrative assistants to one of the following conditions: doing the job as it has always been done,having a computer performance monitoring device installed,receiving feedback about their performance on a weekly basis,or being given a say in how one's workload is structured and done.Which of the preceding conditions is an example of a control group?

Accepted Answer

A) being given a say in how one's workload is structured and done 
B) doing the job as it has always been done 
C) having a computer performance monitoring device installed 
D) receiving feedback on a weekly basis 
A) being given a say in how one's workload is structured and done 
B) doing the job as it has always been done 
C) having a computer performance monitoring device installed 
D) receiving feedback on a weekly basis

Question 19

Dr.Nolen wants to know the effects of removing portions of one's hippocampi on long-term memory,in the hopes of one day finding a cure for patients with Alzheimer's disease.The subjects for his study are most likely to be ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) humans 
B) nonhuman animals 
C) robots 
D) insects 
A) humans 
B) nonhuman animals 
C) robots 
D) insects

Question 20

What is the main difference between an experiment and a correlational study?

Accepted Answer

A) A correlational study involves the manipulation of variables,while an experiment does not. 
B) An experiment uses random sampling,while a correlational study uses random assignment. 
C) A correlational study looks at the relationship between independent and dependent variables,while an experiment looks at the relationship between confounding variables. 
D) An experiment involves the manipulation of variables,while a correlational study does not. 
A) A correlational study involves the manipulation of variables,while an experiment does not. 
B) An experiment uses random sampling,while a correlational study uses random assignment. 
C) A correlational study looks at the relationship between independent and dependent variables,while an experiment looks at the relationship between confounding variables. 
D) An experiment involves the manipulation of variables,while a correlational study does not.

Exam 2: B: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

What is the best way to reduce the social desirability bias in research?

Why is it important to make sure that different participant groups are roughly equivalent in terms of personal characteristics (e.g. ,age,gender)before any independent variable is introduced?

An experiment is said to be __________ when neither researchers nor participants are aware of who is in the experimental or control group.

A group of researchers are studying depression in a sample of patients.Each researcher independently assesses the level of depression in each patient,but their assessments do not match.The problem with the research is that

The only research design that allows one to make inferences on cause- effect is the ________ design.

Without the process of replication as part of the scientific process,what would happen?

Which of the following is true?

Which of the following is NOT a descriptive research method?

In a single-blind study,who is "blind" to the treatment?

A frequency distribution with a cluster of scores and a long tail to its left is called a ________________ distribution.

One key aspect of an experiment that is missing in other research designs is

The group that receives the manipulation of an independent variable is called the _______________.

__________ is the extent to which a measure assesses what it claims to measure.

Dr.Watson wanted to know which gender was better at sharing at the sixth-grade level,so he went to the local middle school to observe lunch periods.This is a form of ____________.

According to your text,which of the following have researchers concluded about the "Mozart effect"?

Dr.Stanhope is trying to determine which type of correlation is represented on his scatterplot,in which nearly all of his data are clustered along a diagonal line running from higher numbers on the left down to lower numbers on the right.Which type of correlation is represented by this pattern?

Dr.Nolen wants to know the effects of removing portions of one's hippocampi on long-term memory,in the hopes of one day finding a cure for patients with Alzheimer's disease.The subjects for his study are most likely to be ___________.

What is the main difference between an experiment and a correlational study?

A: Introducing Psychological Science

B: Introducing Psychological Science

C: Introducing Psychological Science

D: Introducing Psychological Science

E: Introducing Psychological Science

A: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

C: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

D: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

E: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

E: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

E: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

E: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

E: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

E: Memory

A: Thought and Language

B: Thought and Language

C: Thought and Language

D: Thought and Language

E: Thought and Language

A: Intelligence Testing

B: Intelligence Testing

C: Intelligence Testing

D: Intelligence Testing

E: Intelligence Testing

A: Lifespan Development

B: Lifespan Development

C: Lifespan Development

D: Lifespan Development

E: Lifespan Development

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

Emotivation and Emotion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

E: Personality

A: Social Psychology

B: Social Psychology