Question 1

A(n)____________ involves an extremely deep and detailed information-gathering from a single individual over a long period of time.

Accepted Answer

A) case study design 
B) correlational design 
C) experimental design 
D) naturalistic observation design 
A) case study design 
B) correlational design 
C) experimental design 
D) naturalistic observation design

Question 2

One difficulty in conducting medical research is that participants often assume that any treatment will be effective in alleviating their symptoms.Therefore,a researcher has to design an experiment that measures the influence of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) random selection 
B) medical confounds 
C) the Rosenthal effect 
D) the placebo effect 
A) random selection 
B) medical confounds 
C) the Rosenthal effect 
D) the placebo effect

Question 3

Standard deviation is a measure of ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) central tendency 
B) variability 
C) statistical significance 
D) correlation 
A) central tendency 
B) variability 
C) statistical significance 
D) correlation

Question 4

In order to organize and summarize a large set of data,use a set of mathematical techniques called

Accepted Answer

A) hypothesis testing. 
B) inferential statistics. 
C) descriptive statistics. 
D) variability testing. 
A) hypothesis testing. 
B) inferential statistics. 
C) descriptive statistics. 
D) variability testing.

Question 5

A correlation coefficient will always range between:

Accepted Answer

A) 0 and 1. 
B) -10 and +10. 
C) 0 percent and 100 percent. 
D) -1.0 and +1.0. 
A) 0 and 1. 
B) -10 and +10. 
C) 0 percent and 100 percent. 
D) -1.0 and +1.0.

Question 6

Brittany,a softball player who plays catcher for the local university,has thrown out base stealers at the rates of 42,39,and 41 percent over her three years.Her performance could be considered which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) valid 
B) invalid 
C) reliable 
D) not reliable 
A) valid 
B) invalid 
C) reliable 
D) not reliable

Question 7

Which of these is an essential concern regarding ethical principles for human research?

Accepted Answer

A) Research participants must give informed consent. 
B) Research participants must be deceived so that they do not know the true nature of the research to which they are contributing. 
C) Research participants must be paid for their contribution. 
D) As long as informed consent has been given,research participants may be subjected to any level of physical or psychological pain or discomfort. 
A) Research participants must give informed consent. 
B) Research participants must be deceived so that they do not know the true nature of the research to which they are contributing. 
C) Research participants must be paid for their contribution. 
D) As long as informed consent has been given,research participants may be subjected to any level of physical or psychological pain or discomfort.

Question 8

Jasmine took a self-administered online intelligence test three times yesterday and obtained scores of 124,128,and 125.This made her feel great because the score she received from the psychologist last month at school was only a 95.What characteristic might the online test be lacking?

Accepted Answer

A) reliability 
B) validity 
C) both reliability and validity 
D) Nothing.The test appears to have both reliability and validity. 
A) reliability 
B) validity 
C) both reliability and validity 
D) Nothing.The test appears to have both reliability and validity.

Question 9

An important danger of the various types of research bias discussed in Chapter 2 is that they lead us

Accepted Answer

A) to become anxious or depressed about our place in the world. 
B) to draw incorrect conclusions and then become convinced that they are accurate. 
C) to doubt our intuition and gut feelings in important real-life circumstances. 
D) to underestimate our general levels of cognitive abilities and skills. 
A) to become anxious or depressed about our place in the world. 
B) to draw incorrect conclusions and then become convinced that they are accurate. 
C) to doubt our intuition and gut feelings in important real-life circumstances. 
D) to underestimate our general levels of cognitive abilities and skills.

Question 10

When asked if there are more ice cream cones sold in November or July,Mary answers "July" immediately.She is surprised to find out that there is little to no difference between the two months in terms of ice-cream-cone sales.Mary's error is most clearly an example of ___________________.

Accepted Answer

A) imaginary correlation 
B) common sense 
C) superstitions 
D) illusory correlation 
A) imaginary correlation 
B) common sense 
C) superstitions 
D) illusory correlation

Question 11

Ada's professor tells her class that the average score on the last test was 72 points.Ada wants to know if most students actually scored near 72,or if the grades were more spread out,with many students doing much better or worse than a 72.What statistic could Ada ask her professor to calculate to help answer her question?

Accepted Answer

A) standard deviation 
B) median 
C) mode 
D) correlation coefficient 
A) standard deviation 
B) median 
C) mode 
D) correlation coefficient

Question 12

Chen believes that red cars are more likely to be stolen than non-red cars because one week after she bought a red car,it was stolen.This is an example of which type of evidence?

Accepted Answer

A) anecdotal 
B) falsified 
C) common-sense 
D) authoritative 
A) anecdotal 
B) falsified 
C) common-sense 
D) authoritative

Question 13

What is informed consent?

Accepted Answer

A) Volunteers agree to participate in a study after the purpose,tasks,and risks of the study are explained to them. 
B) REBs must be informed about the purpose,tasks,and risks of a study before they approve it. 
C) Researchers agree to be legally responsible for the physical and psychological safety of their participants. 
D) Participants must be informed of the results of the study they participated in and give their consent before the research is published. 
A) Volunteers agree to participate in a study after the purpose,tasks,and risks of the study are explained to them. 
B) REBs must be informed about the purpose,tasks,and risks of a study before they approve it. 
C) Researchers agree to be legally responsible for the physical and psychological safety of their participants. 
D) Participants must be informed of the results of the study they participated in and give their consent before the research is published.

Question 14

A mechanism by which experts in a field carefully screen the work of their colleagues is known as ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) experimental validity 
B) experimenter bias effect 
C) peer review 
D) peer assessment 
A) experimental validity 
B) experimenter bias effect 
C) peer review 
D) peer assessment

Question 15

In general,which of the following is true about anecdotal evidence?

Accepted Answer

A) It is reliable as long as the facts are correct. 
B) It takes a long time to collect. 
C) It is the basis for most scientific conclusions. 
D) It is poor and unreliable. 
A) It is reliable as long as the facts are correct. 
B) It takes a long time to collect. 
C) It is the basis for most scientific conclusions. 
D) It is poor and unreliable.

Question 16

Claims based on common sense

Accepted Answer

A) should be considered true. 
B) should be considered false. 
C) may be true,but cannot be evaluated by this standard alone. 
D) should be considered true,but only if offered by an expert in the subject. 
A) should be considered true. 
B) should be considered false. 
C) may be true,but cannot be evaluated by this standard alone. 
D) should be considered true,but only if offered by an expert in the subject.

Question 17

Kia and her friend are discussing why so many child actors become troubled adults.Kia says,"Obviously they were spoiled as children,which made them unprepared to become adults." From a scientific point of view,what is wrong with Kia's statement?

Accepted Answer

A) It is based on anecdotal evidence. 
B) It is an appeal to authority. 
C) It is an appeal to common sense. 
D) Nothing;it is a well-supported conclusion. 
A) It is based on anecdotal evidence. 
B) It is an appeal to authority. 
C) It is an appeal to common sense. 
D) Nothing;it is a well-supported conclusion.

Question 18

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest degree of relation between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A) +.19 
B) -.25 
C) +.43 
D) -.47 
A) +.19 
B) -.25 
C) +.43 
D) -.47

Question 19

If a set of data has a normal distribution,which measure of central tendency should be used?

Accepted Answer

A) mean 
B) median 
C) mode 
D) It doesn't matter;they will be the same. 
A) mean 
B) median 
C) mode 
D) It doesn't matter;they will be the same.

Question 20

Professor Wagner is explaining to his subjects the purpose behind the experiment they just participated in,along with a general description of the results.He is engaging in what aspect of a research study?

Accepted Answer

A) debriefing 
B) informed consent 
C) institutional review 
D) deception 
A) debriefing 
B) informed consent 
C) institutional review 
D) deception

Exam 2: B: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

A(n)____________ involves an extremely deep and detailed information-gathering from a single individual over a long period of time.

One difficulty in conducting medical research is that participants often assume that any treatment will be effective in alleviating their symptoms.Therefore,a researcher has to design an experiment that measures the influence of ____________.

Standard deviation is a measure of ______________.

In order to organize and summarize a large set of data,use a set of mathematical techniques called

A correlation coefficient will always range between:

Brittany,a softball player who plays catcher for the local university,has thrown out base stealers at the rates of 42,39,and 41 percent over her three years.Her performance could be considered which of the following?

Which of these is an essential concern regarding ethical principles for human research?

Jasmine took a self-administered online intelligence test three times yesterday and obtained scores of 124,128,and 125.This made her feel great because the score she received from the psychologist last month at school was only a 95.What characteristic might the online test be lacking?

An important danger of the various types of research bias discussed in Chapter 2 is that they lead us

When asked if there are more ice cream cones sold in November or July,Mary answers "July" immediately.She is surprised to find out that there is little to no difference between the two months in terms of ice-cream-cone sales.Mary's error is most clearly an example of ___________________.

Chen believes that red cars are more likely to be stolen than non-red cars because one week after she bought a red car,it was stolen.This is an example of which type of evidence?

What is informed consent?

A mechanism by which experts in a field carefully screen the work of their colleagues is known as ____________.

In general,which of the following is true about anecdotal evidence?

Claims based on common sense

Kia and her friend are discussing why so many child actors become troubled adults.Kia says,"Obviously they were spoiled as children,which made them unprepared to become adults." From a scientific point of view,what is wrong with Kia's statement?

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest degree of relation between two variables?

If a set of data has a normal distribution,which measure of central tendency should be used?

Professor Wagner is explaining to his subjects the purpose behind the experiment they just participated in,along with a general description of the results.He is engaging in what aspect of a research study?

A: Introducing Psychological Science

B: Introducing Psychological Science

C: Introducing Psychological Science

D: Introducing Psychological Science

E: Introducing Psychological Science

A: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

C: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

D: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

E: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

E: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

E: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

E: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

E: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

E: Memory

A: Thought and Language

B: Thought and Language

C: Thought and Language

D: Thought and Language

E: Thought and Language

A: Intelligence Testing

B: Intelligence Testing

C: Intelligence Testing

D: Intelligence Testing

E: Intelligence Testing

A: Lifespan Development

B: Lifespan Development

C: Lifespan Development

D: Lifespan Development

E: Lifespan Development

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

Emotivation and Emotion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

E: Personality

A: Social Psychology