Exam 1: Evolution of Psychological Science-Part B

Use the following to answer questions Scenario II Scenario II introduces material from the following publications: Bowlby,J.(1969/1982).Attachment and loss,Vol.1: Attachment.New York: Basic Books. Preckel,K. ,Scheele,D. ,Eckstein,M. ,Maier,W. ,& Hurlemann,R.(2015).The influence of oxytocin on volitional and emotional ambivalence.Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience,10(7),987-993.doi:10.1093/scan/nsu147 Catherine is a college freshmen who is shocked at the intensity of the jealousy expressed by her roommate's boyfriend.Interested in understanding the relationship between Tara and Will,she becomes fascinated to learn in introductory psychology that jealousy has been studied from a variety of perspectives.She goes to the library and begins researching this topic. -(Scenario II)Preckel and colleagues (2015)reported that giving male participants an oxytocin nasal spray shortly before having them imagine their partners engaged in infidelity reduced activity in brain regions associated with jealousy.Catherine further reads that oxytocin is a neurotransmitter found naturally in the brain and then wonders if Will has naturally _____ levels of it.The research by Preckel and colleagues advances a(n)_____ approach to the study of jealousy.

Use the following to answer questions Scenario II Scenario II introduces material from the following publications: Bowlby,J.(1969/1982).Attachment and loss,Vol.1: Attachment.New York: Basic Books. Preckel,K. ,Scheele,D. ,Eckstein,M. ,Maier,W. ,& Hurlemann,R.(2015).The influence of oxytocin on volitional and emotional ambivalence.Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience,10(7),987-993.doi:10.1093/scan/nsu147 Catherine is a college freshmen who is shocked at the intensity of the jealousy expressed by her roommate's boyfriend.Interested in understanding the relationship between Tara and Will,she becomes fascinated to learn in introductory psychology that jealousy has been studied from a variety of perspectives.She goes to the library and begins researching this topic. -(Scenario II)Other psychological theorists point to the consequences of the jealousy as the reason for its continued occurrence.Catherine tends to agree.Every time Will goes into a jealous rage when Tara wants to go out with her friends,Tara capitulates and stays in with him instead.Consistent with a _____ approach to psychology,Catherine believes that Tara is _____ her boyfriend's jealousy.

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Scenario I is based on and presents data from the following study (reproduced from p.25 of the textbook): Piff,P.K. ,Stancato,D.M. ,Côté,S. ,Mendoza-Denton,R. ,& Keltner,D.(2012).Higher social class predicts increased unethical behavior.PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,109(11),4086-4091.doi:10.1073/pnas.1118373109 Piff and colleagues (2012)used naturalistic observation techniques to determine if wealthy people behaved more or less ethically than people who were not wealthy.In one study,observers stood at a busy intersection and recorded the make,model,and year of each approaching car.They also noted if the car cut off other cars or pedestrians at this intersection. Major findings of Piff et al.(2012)are presented in Figure 1.1.This figure shows the percentage of times vehicles cut off another driver (top panel)or pedestrians (lower panel)as a function of the social status of the vehicles (with more expensive cars ranked higher in social status). Figure 1.1 -(Scenario I)A psychologist believes that people in higher and lower social classes learn norms that then affect their behavior in many different settings.One such norm is that people in higher social classes tend to view themselves as more important than others.As such,the psychologist is not surprised that people driving expensive cars are more likely to disregard the rights of others.This _____ psychologist would predict that _____.

Use the following to answer questions Scenario II Scenario II introduces material from the following publications: Bowlby,J.(1969/1982).Attachment and loss,Vol.1: Attachment.New York: Basic Books. Preckel,K. ,Scheele,D. ,Eckstein,M. ,Maier,W. ,& Hurlemann,R.(2015).The influence of oxytocin on volitional and emotional ambivalence.Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience,10(7),987-993.doi:10.1093/scan/nsu147 Catherine is a college freshmen who is shocked at the intensity of the jealousy expressed by her roommate's boyfriend.Interested in understanding the relationship between Tara and Will,she becomes fascinated to learn in introductory psychology that jealousy has been studied from a variety of perspectives.She goes to the library and begins researching this topic. -(Scenario II)Bowlby's (1969/1982)attachment theory posits that infants form either secure or insecure attachments with their primary caregiver.These attachment styles are relatively stable across life,and more recent research has found that individuals with insecure attachments are more likely to exhibit jealously in romantic relationships.Catherine wonders what kind of relationship her roommate's boyfriend has with his mother and thinks she needs to read more about this _____ approach to the study of jealousy.

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Scenario I is based on and presents data from the following study (reproduced from p.25 of the textbook): Piff,P.K. ,Stancato,D.M. ,Côté,S. ,Mendoza-Denton,R. ,& Keltner,D.(2012).Higher social class predicts increased unethical behavior.PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,109(11),4086-4091.doi:10.1073/pnas.1118373109 Piff and colleagues (2012)used naturalistic observation techniques to determine if wealthy people behaved more or less ethically than people who were not wealthy.In one study,observers stood at a busy intersection and recorded the make,model,and year of each approaching car.They also noted if the car cut off other cars or pedestrians at this intersection. Major findings of Piff et al.(2012)are presented in Figure 1.1.This figure shows the percentage of times vehicles cut off another driver (top panel)or pedestrians (lower panel)as a function of the social status of the vehicles (with more expensive cars ranked higher in social status). Figure 1.1 -(Scenario I)A psychologist believes that selfishness is a genetically based trait that confers advantages in terms of resource acquisition.As such,the psychologist is not surprised in the least that selfish people drive expensive cars.This _____ would predict that _____.

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Scenario I is based on and presents data from the following study (reproduced from p.25 of the textbook): Piff,P.K. ,Stancato,D.M. ,Côté,S. ,Mendoza-Denton,R. ,& Keltner,D.(2012).Higher social class predicts increased unethical behavior.PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,109(11),4086-4091.doi:10.1073/pnas.1118373109 Piff and colleagues (2012)used naturalistic observation techniques to determine if wealthy people behaved more or less ethically than people who were not wealthy.In one study,observers stood at a busy intersection and recorded the make,model,and year of each approaching car.They also noted if the car cut off other cars or pedestrians at this intersection. Major findings of Piff et al.(2012)are presented in Figure 1.1.This figure shows the percentage of times vehicles cut off another driver (top panel)or pedestrians (lower panel)as a function of the social status of the vehicles (with more expensive cars ranked higher in social status). Figure 1.1 -(Scenario I)The researchers who conducted this study are MOST likely to be _____ psychologists.

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Scenario I is based on and presents data from the following study (reproduced from p.25 of the textbook): Piff,P.K. ,Stancato,D.M. ,Côté,S. ,Mendoza-Denton,R. ,& Keltner,D.(2012).Higher social class predicts increased unethical behavior.PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,109(11),4086-4091.doi:10.1073/pnas.1118373109 Piff and colleagues (2012)used naturalistic observation techniques to determine if wealthy people behaved more or less ethically than people who were not wealthy.In one study,observers stood at a busy intersection and recorded the make,model,and year of each approaching car.They also noted if the car cut off other cars or pedestrians at this intersection. Major findings of Piff et al.(2012)are presented in Figure 1.1.This figure shows the percentage of times vehicles cut off another driver (top panel)or pedestrians (lower panel)as a function of the social status of the vehicles (with more expensive cars ranked higher in social status). Figure 1.1 -(Scenario I)Consider only the bottom panel in Figure 1.1.These results demonstrate that:

Use the following to answer questions Scenario II Scenario II introduces material from the following publications: Bowlby,J.(1969/1982).Attachment and loss,Vol.1: Attachment.New York: Basic Books. Preckel,K. ,Scheele,D. ,Eckstein,M. ,Maier,W. ,& Hurlemann,R.(2015).The influence of oxytocin on volitional and emotional ambivalence.Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience,10(7),987-993.doi:10.1093/scan/nsu147 Catherine is a college freshmen who is shocked at the intensity of the jealousy expressed by her roommate's boyfriend.Interested in understanding the relationship between Tara and Will,she becomes fascinated to learn in introductory psychology that jealousy has been studied from a variety of perspectives.She goes to the library and begins researching this topic. -(Scenario II)Catherine reads in another book that jealousy often arises from the way we think about relationships.Psychologists who conceptualize jealously as arising from maladaptive patterns of thinking associated with unrealistic construals of relationships are advancing a _____ approach.

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Scenario I is based on and presents data from the following study (reproduced from p.25 of the textbook): Piff,P.K. ,Stancato,D.M. ,Côté,S. ,Mendoza-Denton,R. ,& Keltner,D.(2012).Higher social class predicts increased unethical behavior.PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,109(11),4086-4091.doi:10.1073/pnas.1118373109 Piff and colleagues (2012)used naturalistic observation techniques to determine if wealthy people behaved more or less ethically than people who were not wealthy.In one study,observers stood at a busy intersection and recorded the make,model,and year of each approaching car.They also noted if the car cut off other cars or pedestrians at this intersection. Major findings of Piff et al.(2012)are presented in Figure 1.1.This figure shows the percentage of times vehicles cut off another driver (top panel)or pedestrians (lower panel)as a function of the social status of the vehicles (with more expensive cars ranked higher in social status). Figure 1.1 -(Scenario I)A psychologist believes that driving expensive cars and not taking into account the rights of others are both the product of feelings of sexual inferiority banished to the unconscious.The psychologist adopts a _____ approach.

Use the following to answer questions Scenario II Scenario II introduces material from the following publications: Bowlby,J.(1969/1982).Attachment and loss,Vol.1: Attachment.New York: Basic Books. Preckel,K. ,Scheele,D. ,Eckstein,M. ,Maier,W. ,& Hurlemann,R.(2015).The influence of oxytocin on volitional and emotional ambivalence.Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience,10(7),987-993.doi:10.1093/scan/nsu147 Catherine is a college freshmen who is shocked at the intensity of the jealousy expressed by her roommate's boyfriend.Interested in understanding the relationship between Tara and Will,she becomes fascinated to learn in introductory psychology that jealousy has been studied from a variety of perspectives.She goes to the library and begins researching this topic. -(Scenario II)In analyzing behavioral and evolutionary accounts of jealousy,Catherine is surprised to learn that these very different approaches both emphasize the importance of adaptive consequences.The difference is that a behavioral approach emphasizes the reinforcing consequences of the jealous behavior _____,and the evolutionary account emphasizes the adaptive consequences of jealousy _____.

Use the following to answer questions Scenario II Scenario II introduces material from the following publications: Bowlby,J.(1969/1982).Attachment and loss,Vol.1: Attachment.New York: Basic Books. Preckel,K. ,Scheele,D. ,Eckstein,M. ,Maier,W. ,& Hurlemann,R.(2015).The influence of oxytocin on volitional and emotional ambivalence.Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience,10(7),987-993.doi:10.1093/scan/nsu147 Catherine is a college freshmen who is shocked at the intensity of the jealousy expressed by her roommate's boyfriend.Interested in understanding the relationship between Tara and Will,she becomes fascinated to learn in introductory psychology that jealousy has been studied from a variety of perspectives.She goes to the library and begins researching this topic. -(Scenario II)Some psychological theorists believe that Will's jealousy might be due to his projecting his own banished sexual inadequacies and desires for infidelity from his unconscious.These theorists are MOST likely to be:

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Scenario I is based on and presents data from the following study (reproduced from p.25 of the textbook): Piff,P.K. ,Stancato,D.M. ,Côté,S. ,Mendoza-Denton,R. ,& Keltner,D.(2012).Higher social class predicts increased unethical behavior.PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,109(11),4086-4091.doi:10.1073/pnas.1118373109 Piff and colleagues (2012)used naturalistic observation techniques to determine if wealthy people behaved more or less ethically than people who were not wealthy.In one study,observers stood at a busy intersection and recorded the make,model,and year of each approaching car.They also noted if the car cut off other cars or pedestrians at this intersection. Major findings of Piff et al.(2012)are presented in Figure 1.1.This figure shows the percentage of times vehicles cut off another driver (top panel)or pedestrians (lower panel)as a function of the social status of the vehicles (with more expensive cars ranked higher in social status). Figure 1.1 -(Scenario I)Consider both panels in Figure 1.1.Which is a description of a result shown in this figure?

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Scenario I is based on and presents data from the following study (reproduced from p.25 of the textbook): Piff,P.K. ,Stancato,D.M. ,Côté,S. ,Mendoza-Denton,R. ,& Keltner,D.(2012).Higher social class predicts increased unethical behavior.PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,109(11),4086-4091.doi:10.1073/pnas.1118373109 Piff and colleagues (2012)used naturalistic observation techniques to determine if wealthy people behaved more or less ethically than people who were not wealthy.In one study,observers stood at a busy intersection and recorded the make,model,and year of each approaching car.They also noted if the car cut off other cars or pedestrians at this intersection. Major findings of Piff et al.(2012)are presented in Figure 1.1.This figure shows the percentage of times vehicles cut off another driver (top panel)or pedestrians (lower panel)as a function of the social status of the vehicles (with more expensive cars ranked higher in social status). Figure 1.1 -(Scenario I)Consider only the top panel in Figure 1.1.These results underscore the importance of:

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Scenario I is based on and presents data from the following study (reproduced from p.25 of the textbook): Piff,P.K. ,Stancato,D.M. ,Côté,S. ,Mendoza-Denton,R. ,& Keltner,D.(2012).Higher social class predicts increased unethical behavior.PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,109(11),4086-4091.doi:10.1073/pnas.1118373109 Piff and colleagues (2012)used naturalistic observation techniques to determine if wealthy people behaved more or less ethically than people who were not wealthy.In one study,observers stood at a busy intersection and recorded the make,model,and year of each approaching car.They also noted if the car cut off other cars or pedestrians at this intersection. Major findings of Piff et al.(2012)are presented in Figure 1.1.This figure shows the percentage of times vehicles cut off another driver (top panel)or pedestrians (lower panel)as a function of the social status of the vehicles (with more expensive cars ranked higher in social status). Figure 1.1 -(Scenario I)Based on the results shown in Figure 1.1,it is NOT known if: