Question 1

Which of the following is the best example of object recognition?

Accepted Answer

A) Seeing a particular visual stimulus and mentally rotating it 
B) Seeing a particular visual stimulus and identifying it as the letter M 
C) Solving a complex reasoning problem 
D) Switching your attention from one conversation to another 
A) Seeing a particular visual stimulus and mentally rotating it 
B) Seeing a particular visual stimulus and identifying it as the letter M 
C) Solving a complex reasoning problem 
D) Switching your attention from one conversation to another

Question 2

Suppose that you hear another student turning a page of this exam.The representation of that noise by the receptors in your auditory system is called

Accepted Answer

A) iconic memory. 
B) an illusory contour. 
C) the proximal stimulus. 
D) the distal stimulus. 
A) iconic memory. 
B) an illusory contour. 
C) the proximal stimulus. 
D) the distal stimulus.

Question 3

The "general mechanism approach" to speech perception argues that

Accepted Answer

A) we first obtain a general idea about a spoken message,and then we fill in the specific details. 
B) we use similar processes for both speech perception and other auditory perception tasks. 
C) learning does not play a major role in speech perception. 
D) children are born with a general understanding about speech,and they fill in specific information as they grow older. 
A) we first obtain a general idea about a spoken message,and then we fill in the specific details. 
B) we use similar processes for both speech perception and other auditory perception tasks. 
C) learning does not play a major role in speech perception. 
D) children are born with a general understanding about speech,and they fill in specific information as they grow older.

Question 4

Which of the following students provides the best,most complete definition of the term "perception"?

Accepted Answer

A) Andrew: "Perception refers to the process of converting external stimuli into electrical signals within the nervous system." 
B) Marie-France: "Perception refers to the registration of visual information on the retina." 
C) Marco: "Perception refers to the mental images we create without any input from the external world." 
D) Sarah: "Perception uses our previous knowledge to collect and interpret sensory stimuli." 
A) Andrew: "Perception refers to the process of converting external stimuli into electrical signals within the nervous system." 
B) Marie-France: "Perception refers to the registration of visual information on the retina." 
C) Marco: "Perception refers to the mental images we create without any input from the external world." 
D) Sarah: "Perception uses our previous knowledge to collect and interpret sensory stimuli."

Question 5

You have no difficulty distinguishing between the letters O and W,but it takes longer to distinguish between the letters O and Q.Which theory of object recognition does this support?

Accepted Answer

A) Template-matching theory 
B) Subjective-contour theory 
C) Feature-analysis theory 
D) Recognition-by-components models 
A) Template-matching theory 
B) Subjective-contour theory 
C) Feature-analysis theory 
D) Recognition-by-components models

Question 6

Suppose that a group of researchers would like to explore how we perceive objects in the real world,rather than just in a laboratory.This approach emphasizes

Accepted Answer

A) a well-controlled design. 
B) the viewer-centered approach. 
C) holistic recognition. 
D) ecological validity. 
A) a well-controlled design. 
B) the viewer-centered approach. 
C) holistic recognition. 
D) ecological validity.

Question 7

Imagine that you are looking at a geometric drawing.At first,one shape in this drawing seems to be in front of other shapes.The next moment,this same shape seems to be located behind a second shape.This phenomenon is called:

Accepted Answer

A) depth perception. 
B) an illusory contour. 
C) an ambiguous figure-ground relationship. 
D) holistic recognition. 
A) depth perception. 
B) an illusory contour. 
C) an ambiguous figure-ground relationship. 
D) holistic recognition.

Question 8

Studies of speech perception show that

Accepted Answer

A) speech sounds are transmitted one at a time,just as letters follow one another in writing. 
B) when the first phoneme of a word is being spoken,the mouth prepares to pronounce the next phoneme in the word. 
C) a phoneme's sound remains constant,no matter which phonemes precede and follow it. 
D) context is of little use in helping people determine the identity of a missing phoneme. 
A) speech sounds are transmitted one at a time,just as letters follow one another in writing. 
B) when the first phoneme of a word is being spoken,the mouth prepares to pronounce the next phoneme in the word. 
C) a phoneme's sound remains constant,no matter which phonemes precede and follow it. 
D) context is of little use in helping people determine the identity of a missing phoneme.

Question 9

Which of the following is the best example of a geon?

Accepted Answer

A) A template for the letter K,as it is stored in memory 
B) A straight,vertical,2-dimensional line 
C) A 3-dimensional cylinder 
D) The comparison process used to differentiate a template from a distinctive feature 
A) A template for the letter K,as it is stored in memory 
B) A straight,vertical,2-dimensional line 
C) A 3-dimensional cylinder 
D) The comparison process used to differentiate a template from a distinctive feature

Question 10

Your textbook states that phonemic restoration is a kind of illusion.This statement is true because

Accepted Answer

A) we think that we hear boundaries between words,even when a physical boundary does not really exist. 
B) we think that we are accurate when we replace a missing phoneme,but we typically make many errors. 
C) we make too much use of bottom-up processing. 
D) we think that we hear a speech sound,even if it is not present in the distal stimulus. 
A) we think that we hear boundaries between words,even when a physical boundary does not really exist. 
B) we think that we are accurate when we replace a missing phoneme,but we typically make many errors. 
C) we make too much use of bottom-up processing. 
D) we think that we hear a speech sound,even if it is not present in the distal stimulus.

Question 11

Bottom-up processing

Accepted Answer

A) is the most widely accepted explanation for illusory contours. 
B) describes the influence of expectations upon object recognition. 
C) emphasizes the importance of sensory stimuli in object recognition. 
D) explains why we are able to recognize words more easily when they appear in sentences,rather than alone. 
A) is the most widely accepted explanation for illusory contours. 
B) describes the influence of expectations upon object recognition. 
C) emphasizes the importance of sensory stimuli in object recognition. 
D) explains why we are able to recognize words more easily when they appear in sentences,rather than alone.

Question 12

If you favor the general mechanism approach to speech perception,you would argue that

Accepted Answer

A) people process speech sounds the same way that they process other kinds of sounds. 
B) humans have a special phonetic module that handles all general speech perception tasks. 
C) the McGurk effect does not support the general mechanism approach,but most other research supports this approach. 
D) people use categorical perception when listening to a language sound; they do not use categorical perception on other cognitive tasks. 
A) people process speech sounds the same way that they process other kinds of sounds. 
B) humans have a special phonetic module that handles all general speech perception tasks. 
C) the McGurk effect does not support the general mechanism approach,but most other research supports this approach. 
D) people use categorical perception when listening to a language sound; they do not use categorical perception on other cognitive tasks.

Question 13

Your textbook discussed in some detail a study by Rueckl and Oden (the "bears/beans" study).These researchers manipulated both the features of a letter within a word and the context in which the word appeared.This study demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A) both bottom-up and top-down processing operate. 
B) under appropriate conditions,people only pay attention to distinctive features. 
C) sensory memory can be extended when a word appears in context. 
D) top-down processing almost always leads to more accurate pattern recognition. 
A) both bottom-up and top-down processing operate. 
B) under appropriate conditions,people only pay attention to distinctive features. 
C) sensory memory can be extended when a word appears in context. 
D) top-down processing almost always leads to more accurate pattern recognition.

Question 14

In object recognition,an important problem with the feature-analysis approach is that

Accepted Answer

A) it can only explain how we perceive large objects. 
B) it can only explain colored objects. 
C) there is no neuroscience evidence for this approach. 
D) it cannot explain how we perceive an object from different viewpoints. 
A) it can only explain how we perceive large objects. 
B) it can only explain colored objects. 
C) there is no neuroscience evidence for this approach. 
D) it cannot explain how we perceive an object from different viewpoints.

Question 15

You are now reading a sentence on an examination.The actual stimulus (the words on the piece of paper)is called

Accepted Answer

A) the distal stimulus. 
B) the proximal stimulus. 
C) the geon. 
D) the template. 
A) the distal stimulus. 
B) the proximal stimulus. 
C) the geon. 
D) the template.

Question 16

Your friend Sophie said that she would call you at 8:00 p.m.When the phone rings at 8:00 p.m.,you answer and say "Oh,hi,Sophie." Then you realize that the caller is a different friend with a similar voice,but somewhat higher pitched.Your initial error can be explained by

Accepted Answer

A) change blindness. 
B) top-down processing. 
C) bottom-up processing. 
D) recognition-by-components theory. 
A) change blindness. 
B) top-down processing. 
C) bottom-up processing. 
D) recognition-by-components theory.

Question 17

Chapter 2 discussed individual differences in people's ability to judge the facial emotion that is being expressed in a series of photos.The results of this study suggest that people with schizophrenia

Accepted Answer

A) are significantly more accurate than people in a control group. 
B) are just as accurate as people in a control group. 
C) are significantly less accurate than people in a control group,but they respond at about the same speed. 
D) are significantly less accurate than people in a control group,and they also respond more slowly. 
A) are significantly more accurate than people in a control group. 
B) are just as accurate as people in a control group. 
C) are significantly less accurate than people in a control group,but they respond at about the same speed. 
D) are significantly less accurate than people in a control group,and they also respond more slowly.

Question 18

Suppose that a psychologist loans you an art book and says that the book includes some interesting ambiguous figure-ground pictures.You should expect to see

Accepted Answer

A) a random arrangement of black-and-white figures. 
B) a photo of real-life figures,rather than black-and-white shapes. 
C) a picture in which a specific region is the central figure one moment,but this region becomes the background the next moment. 
D) a picture that has at least two subjective contours. 
A) a random arrangement of black-and-white figures. 
B) a photo of real-life figures,rather than black-and-white shapes. 
C) a picture in which a specific region is the central figure one moment,but this region becomes the background the next moment. 
D) a picture that has at least two subjective contours.

Question 19

If you were to study top-down processing as it applies to smell,which of the following topics would be most relevant?

Accepted Answer

A) Whether people recognize a lemon fragrance more readily when they see a photo of a lemon than when they see a photo of a rose. 
B) Whether the chemical structure of lemon-fragrance molecules is substantially different from the chemical structure of rose-fragrance molecules. 
C) Whether the receptors in the nasal passages respond differently to lemon and rose fragrances. 
D) Whether the brain stores lemon and rose fragrances in different locations. 
A) Whether people recognize a lemon fragrance more readily when they see a photo of a lemon than when they see a photo of a rose. 
B) Whether the chemical structure of lemon-fragrance molecules is substantially different from the chemical structure of rose-fragrance molecules. 
C) Whether the receptors in the nasal passages respond differently to lemon and rose fragrances. 
D) Whether the brain stores lemon and rose fragrances in different locations.

Question 20

Chapter 2 discusses a concept in object recognition called the "viewer-centered approach." Which of the following students provides the most accurate description of this approach?

Accepted Answer

A) David: "This approach explains how an object appears to be three-dimensional." 
B) Javier: "This is an adjustment that the visual system makes when the viewer walks closer to an object." 
C) Melissa: "This is a modification of the recognition-by-components approach,to explain how we perceive an object from an unusual angle." 
D) Becca: "This is a theoretical approach to perception that explains how each individual assumes that her or his perception is the only accurate representation." 
A) David: "This approach explains how an object appears to be three-dimensional." 
B) Javier: "This is an adjustment that the visual system makes when the viewer walks closer to an object." 
C) Melissa: "This is a modification of the recognition-by-components approach,to explain how we perceive an object from an unusual angle." 
D) Becca: "This is a theoretical approach to perception that explains how each individual assumes that her or his perception is the only accurate representation."

Which of the following is the best example of object recognition?

Suppose that you hear another student turning a page of this exam.The representation of that noise by the receptors in your auditory system is called

The "general mechanism approach" to speech perception argues that

Which of the following students provides the best,most complete definition of the term "perception"?

You have no difficulty distinguishing between the letters O and W,but it takes longer to distinguish between the letters O and Q.Which theory of object recognition does this support?

Suppose that a group of researchers would like to explore how we perceive objects in the real world,rather than just in a laboratory.This approach emphasizes

Imagine that you are looking at a geometric drawing.At first,one shape in this drawing seems to be in front of other shapes.The next moment,this same shape seems to be located behind a second shape.This phenomenon is called:

Studies of speech perception show that

Which of the following is the best example of a geon?

Your textbook states that phonemic restoration is a kind of illusion.This statement is true because

Bottom-up processing

If you favor the general mechanism approach to speech perception,you would argue that

Your textbook discussed in some detail a study by Rueckl and Oden (the "bears/beans" study).These researchers manipulated both the features of a letter within a word and the context in which the word appeared.This study demonstrated that

In object recognition,an important problem with the feature-analysis approach is that

You are now reading a sentence on an examination.The actual stimulus (the words on the piece of paper)is called

Your friend Sophie said that she would call you at 8:00 p.m.When the phone rings at 8:00 p.m.,you answer and say "Oh,hi,Sophie." Then you realize that the caller is a different friend with a similar voice,but somewhat higher pitched.Your initial error can be explained by

Chapter 2 discussed individual differences in people's ability to judge the facial emotion that is being expressed in a series of photos.The results of this study suggest that people with schizophrenia

Suppose that a psychologist loans you an art book and says that the book includes some interesting ambiguous figure-ground pictures.You should expect to see

If you were to study top-down processing as it applies to smell,which of the following topics would be most relevant?

Chapter 2 discusses a concept in object recognition called the "viewer-centered approach." Which of the following students provides the most accurate description of this approach?

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Perceptual Processes II: Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 2: Perceptual Processes I: Visual and Auditory Recognition

Which of the following is the best example of object recognition?

Suppose that you hear another student turning a page of this exam.The representation of that noise by the receptors in your auditory system is called

The "general mechanism approach" to speech perception argues that

Which of the following students provides the best,most complete definition of the term "perception"?

You have no difficulty distinguishing between the letters O and W,but it takes longer to distinguish between the letters O and Q.Which theory of object recognition does this support?

Suppose that a group of researchers would like to explore how we perceive objects in the real world,rather than just in a laboratory.This approach emphasizes

Imagine that you are looking at a geometric drawing.At first,one shape in this drawing seems to be in front of other shapes.The next moment,this same shape seems to be located behind a second shape.This phenomenon is called:

Studies of speech perception show that

Which of the following is the best example of a geon?

Your textbook states that phonemic restoration is a kind of illusion.This statement is true because

Bottom-up processing

If you favor the general mechanism approach to speech perception,you would argue that

Your textbook discussed in some detail a study by Rueckl and Oden (the "bears/beans" study).These researchers manipulated both the features of a letter within a word and the context in which the word appeared.This study demonstrated that

In object recognition,an important problem with the feature-analysis approach is that

You are now reading a sentence on an examination.The actual stimulus (the words on the piece of paper)is called

Your friend Sophie said that she would call you at 8:00 p.m.When the phone rings at 8:00 p.m.,you answer and say "Oh,hi,Sophie." Then you realize that the caller is a different friend with a similar voice,but somewhat higher pitched.Your initial error can be explained by

Chapter 2 discussed individual differences in people's ability to judge the facial emotion that is being expressed in a series of photos.The results of this study suggest that people with schizophrenia

Suppose that a psychologist loans you an art book and says that the book includes some interesting ambiguous figure-ground pictures.You should expect to see

If you were to study top-down processing as it applies to smell,which of the following topics would be most relevant?

Chapter 2 discusses a concept in object recognition called the "viewer-centered approach." Which of the following students provides the most accurate description of this approach?

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Perceptual Processes II: Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters