Question 1

According to the research on the post-event misinformation effect,

Accepted Answer

A) people are remarkably resistant to new,inconsistent information. 
B) a question containing incorrect information can alter people's recall of the original event. 
C) misleading information influences recall for children,but not for adults. 
D) these new memories created by post-event information are more vivid than memories created by real events. 
A) people are remarkably resistant to new,inconsistent information. 
B) a question containing incorrect information can alter people's recall of the original event. 
C) misleading information influences recall for children,but not for adults. 
D) these new memories created by post-event information are more vivid than memories created by real events.

Question 2

According to the discussion in the chapter on long-term memory,ecological validity

Accepted Answer

A) is typically greater in the research on encoding than in the research on autobiographical memory. 
B) is relatively strong when the research examines the correspondence between a real-life event and the memory of the event. 
C) is more likely in the research on implicit memory than in the research on explicit memory. 
D) is a concept that was strongly emphasized in the early history of cognitive psychology,but it is now considered relatively unimportant. 
A) is typically greater in the research on encoding than in the research on autobiographical memory. 
B) is relatively strong when the research examines the correspondence between a real-life event and the memory of the event. 
C) is more likely in the research on implicit memory than in the research on explicit memory. 
D) is a concept that was strongly emphasized in the early history of cognitive psychology,but it is now considered relatively unimportant.

Question 3

The chapter on long-term memory discussed the research by Talarico and Rubin,about students' memory for how they learned about the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001.According to this research,

Accepted Answer

A) the students were overconfident that their recall of the event was accurate. 
B) the number of inconsistent details,supplied by the students,stayed the same over time. 
C) the students' recall was much more accurate for the terrorist attack than for an ordinary event. 
D) the students' memory for the terrorist attack actually included more inconsistent details than consistent details. 
A) the students were overconfident that their recall of the event was accurate. 
B) the number of inconsistent details,supplied by the students,stayed the same over time. 
C) the students' recall was much more accurate for the terrorist attack than for an ordinary event. 
D) the students' memory for the terrorist attack actually included more inconsistent details than consistent details.

Question 4

Consider this sentence: "I know that winters in Wisconsin are colder than winters in South Carolina." The knowledge expressed in this sentence is probably coded

Accepted Answer

A) acoustically,by the sound of the words. 
B) visually,by the appearance of the letters. 
C) semantically,by its meaning. 
D) in visual,acoustic,and semantic form. 
A) acoustically,by the sound of the words. 
B) visually,by the appearance of the letters. 
C) semantically,by its meaning. 
D) in visual,acoustic,and semantic form.

Question 5

Foley and her colleagues (1999)proposed that the research on self-reference may actually underestimate the magnitude of the self-reference effect.They reached this conclusion because

Accepted Answer

A) participants typically process items at a shallow level of processing,even when they are instructed to use deep processing. 
B) the meta-analysis of the data on the self-reference effect demonstrates that this technique is not especially helpful. 
C) participants cannot really relate items to their own lives. 
D) the participants reported that they had often used self-reference processing,even when they had received other instructions. 
A) participants typically process items at a shallow level of processing,even when they are instructed to use deep processing. 
B) the meta-analysis of the data on the self-reference effect demonstrates that this technique is not especially helpful. 
C) participants cannot really relate items to their own lives. 
D) the participants reported that they had often used self-reference processing,even when they had received other instructions.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about episodic memory is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Episodic memory stores information about events in our lives. 
B) Episodic memory refers to working memory,whereas semantic memory refers to long-term memory. 
C) Episodic memory includes knowledge about words and symbols. 
D) Episodic memory refers to our memory about how to perform tasks. 
A) Episodic memory stores information about events in our lives. 
B) Episodic memory refers to working memory,whereas semantic memory refers to long-term memory. 
C) Episodic memory includes knowledge about words and symbols. 
D) Episodic memory refers to our memory about how to perform tasks.

Question 7

Suppose that some researchers would like to see whether memory is enhanced by using vivid imagery.They locate a large number of studies and use a statistical method to combine all the information to determine whether vivid imagery is effective.The method they use would be called as

Accepted Answer

A) dissociation. 
B) correlation. 
C) meta-analysis. 
D) metamemory. 
A) dissociation. 
B) correlation. 
C) meta-analysis. 
D) metamemory.

Question 8

Which of the following statements most accurately captures the point of view called the "false memory perspective" with respect to childhood sexual abuse?

Accepted Answer

A) As adults,people construct an incorrect memory about abuse,and they believe that the abuse actually did occur. 
B) As adults,people are encouraged to report an incorrect memory about abuse,but they actually know that the abuse did not occur. 
C) As adults,people construct an incorrect memory that their childhood was actually quite pleasant,and they cover up their actual experience of abuse. 
D) As children,people construct an incorrect memory about abuse,but as adults,they realize that the abuse did not occur. 
A) As adults,people construct an incorrect memory about abuse,and they believe that the abuse actually did occur. 
B) As adults,people are encouraged to report an incorrect memory about abuse,but they actually know that the abuse did not occur. 
C) As adults,people construct an incorrect memory that their childhood was actually quite pleasant,and they cover up their actual experience of abuse. 
D) As children,people construct an incorrect memory about abuse,but as adults,they realize that the abuse did not occur.

Question 9

Which of the following statements would be most consistent with the constructivist approach to memory?

Accepted Answer

A) "We often reconstruct the specific details of an event,and we fail to see its similarity to other similar events in our life." 
B) "Our memory for an event sometimes changes over time,depending on our current beliefs." 
C) "Memory resembles a blank slate,on which the events of our life are recorded; the marks on that slate that are most permanent will be the ones that endure in our memory." 
D) "The constructivist approach is especially useful when people want to increase the accuracy of their memory." 
A) "We often reconstruct the specific details of an event,and we fail to see its similarity to other similar events in our life." 
B) "Our memory for an event sometimes changes over time,depending on our current beliefs." 
C) "Memory resembles a blank slate,on which the events of our life are recorded; the marks on that slate that are most permanent will be the ones that endure in our memory." 
D) "The constructivist approach is especially useful when people want to increase the accuracy of their memory."

Question 10

Your knowledge of how to program your DVR to record your favorite television show is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) working memory. 
B) semantic memory. 
C) episodic memory. 
D) procedural memory. 
A) working memory. 
B) semantic memory. 
C) episodic memory. 
D) procedural memory.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of semantic memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Before dinner tonight,I must go to the fitness center. 
B) I recall the first time I ever thought about becoming a psychology major. 
C) I remember seeing the word consciousness in the third chapter of this textbook. 
D) I know that cabbage tastes bitter. 
A) Before dinner tonight,I must go to the fitness center. 
B) I recall the first time I ever thought about becoming a psychology major. 
C) I remember seeing the word consciousness in the third chapter of this textbook. 
D) I know that cabbage tastes bitter.

Question 12

Suppose that you have been looking at a magazine that contains a number of photos of attractive desserts,including one of a lemon meringue pie.Later,someone asks you what your favorite dessert is,and you reply "lemon meringue pie," You actually like other desserts equally well,though they were not among those original photos.This example is most like

Accepted Answer

A) an explicit-memory task. 
B) an implicit-memory task. 
C) a mood-congruent task. 
D) a procedural memory task. 
A) an explicit-memory task. 
B) an implicit-memory task. 
C) a mood-congruent task. 
D) a procedural memory task.

Question 13

The term autobiographical memory generally refers to

Accepted Answer

A) research conducted in the laboratory. 
B) memory for issues and events from your own life. 
C) remembering that you must do a specific task in the future. 
D) memory for the events that are related to the lives of relatives and close friends. 
A) research conducted in the laboratory. 
B) memory for issues and events from your own life. 
C) remembering that you must do a specific task in the future. 
D) memory for the events that are related to the lives of relatives and close friends.

Question 14

Which of the following is the most accurate summary statement about the research on autobiographical memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Most memory errors concern relatively trivial information,rather than central,important information. 
B) In autobiographical memory,implicit memory is much more accurate than explicit memory. 
C) Our autobiographical memory tends to be highly accurate,even for minor details. 
D) Each time we receive new information about a life event,it is stored together with a "marker" that indicates when this new information was added. 
A) Most memory errors concern relatively trivial information,rather than central,important information. 
B) In autobiographical memory,implicit memory is much more accurate than explicit memory. 
C) Our autobiographical memory tends to be highly accurate,even for minor details. 
D) Each time we receive new information about a life event,it is stored together with a "marker" that indicates when this new information was added.

Question 15

Suppose that Joe experienced a hurricane about 18 months ago.His cousin Sam read about the hurricane in the newspaper,but he did not experience it.Which of the following would be most likely?

Accepted Answer

A) Joe would actually recall very little information about the hurricane,due to repression and other avoidance strategies. 
B) Joe would seldom think about the hurricane; if asked,however,he could accurately reconstruct the details. 
C) Joe's recall would be more accurate than Sam's,even if it is not perfect. 
D) Joe and Sam would have fairly similar patterns of recall,despite the differences in their experience with the hurricane. 
A) Joe would actually recall very little information about the hurricane,due to repression and other avoidance strategies. 
B) Joe would seldom think about the hurricane; if asked,however,he could accurately reconstruct the details. 
C) Joe's recall would be more accurate than Sam's,even if it is not perfect. 
D) Joe and Sam would have fairly similar patterns of recall,despite the differences in their experience with the hurricane.

Question 16

Stephanie is trying to decide whether she told Sid that the history test had been postponed-or whether she had only imagined telling him this.Stephanie is currently engaging in

Accepted Answer

A) flashbulb memory. 
B) an implicit memory task. 
C) source monitoring. 
D) a dissociation. 
A) flashbulb memory. 
B) an implicit memory task. 
C) source monitoring. 
D) a dissociation.

Question 17

Consider this sentence: "I know that the winters in Wisconsin are colder than the winters in New Jersey." This sentence is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) episodic memory. 
B) semantic memory. 
C) source monitoring. 
D) memory encoding. 
A) episodic memory. 
B) semantic memory. 
C) source monitoring. 
D) memory encoding.

Question 18

Suppose that Peter is an expert in gymnastics.You would expect to find that

Accepted Answer

A) he is also an expert in several other unrelated areas. 
B) he actually has less vivid imagery about gymnastics than a nonexpert would have. 
C) he has an IQ that is in the gifted range. 
D) he practices gymnastics very conscientiously,typically at least an hour every day. 
A) he is also an expert in several other unrelated areas. 
B) he actually has less vivid imagery about gymnastics than a nonexpert would have. 
C) he has an IQ that is in the gifted range. 
D) he practices gymnastics very conscientiously,typically at least an hour every day.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of an implicit memory task?

Accepted Answer

A) Recognizing which advertisements had been presented 1 hour ago and which ones are new 
B) Recalling the names of popular fairy tales 
C) Matching French vocabulary words with their English translations 
D) Completing a word for which the first and last letter have been supplied 
A) Recognizing which advertisements had been presented 1 hour ago and which ones are new 
B) Recalling the names of popular fairy tales 
C) Matching French vocabulary words with their English translations 
D) Completing a word for which the first and last letter have been supplied

Question 20

Which of the following students provides the best understanding of the concept called elaboration?

Accepted Answer

A) Harry: "Elaboration means that you retrieve an item from working memory and use it immediately. 
B) Jodi: "Elaboration happens when you have successfully used encoding specificity." 
C) Elizabeth: "Elaboration means that you are trying to make an item as different as possible from all other items in memory." 
D) Soltan: "Elaboration means that you think about how an item is related to other concepts." 
A) Harry: "Elaboration means that you retrieve an item from working memory and use it immediately. 
B) Jodi: "Elaboration happens when you have successfully used encoding specificity." 
C) Elizabeth: "Elaboration means that you are trying to make an item as different as possible from all other items in memory." 
D) Soltan: "Elaboration means that you think about how an item is related to other concepts."

According to the research on the post-event misinformation effect,

According to the discussion in the chapter on long-term memory,ecological validity

The chapter on long-term memory discussed the research by Talarico and Rubin,about students' memory for how they learned about the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001.According to this research,

Consider this sentence: "I know that winters in Wisconsin are colder than winters in South Carolina." The knowledge expressed in this sentence is probably coded

Foley and her colleagues (1999)proposed that the research on self-reference may actually underestimate the magnitude of the self-reference effect.They reached this conclusion because

Which of the following statements about episodic memory is correct?

Suppose that some researchers would like to see whether memory is enhanced by using vivid imagery.They locate a large number of studies and use a statistical method to combine all the information to determine whether vivid imagery is effective.The method they use would be called as

Which of the following statements most accurately captures the point of view called the "false memory perspective" with respect to childhood sexual abuse?

Which of the following statements would be most consistent with the constructivist approach to memory?

Your knowledge of how to program your DVR to record your favorite television show is an example of

Which of the following is an example of semantic memory?

The term autobiographical memory generally refers to

Which of the following is the most accurate summary statement about the research on autobiographical memory?

Suppose that Joe experienced a hurricane about 18 months ago.His cousin Sam read about the hurricane in the newspaper,but he did not experience it.Which of the following would be most likely?

Stephanie is trying to decide whether she told Sid that the history test had been postponed-or whether she had only imagined telling him this.Stephanie is currently engaging in

Consider this sentence: "I know that the winters in Wisconsin are colder than the winters in New Jersey." This sentence is an example of

Suppose that Peter is an expert in gymnastics.You would expect to find that

Which of the following is an example of an implicit memory task?

Which of the following students provides the best understanding of the concept called elaboration?

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Perceptual Processes I: Visual and Auditory Recognition

Perceptual Processes II: Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 5: Long-Term Memory

According to the research on the post-event misinformation effect,

According to the discussion in the chapter on long-term memory,ecological validity

The chapter on long-term memory discussed the research by Talarico and Rubin,about students' memory for how they learned about the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001.According to this research,

Consider this sentence: "I know that winters in Wisconsin are colder than winters in South Carolina." The knowledge expressed in this sentence is probably coded

Foley and her colleagues (1999)proposed that the research on self-reference may actually underestimate the magnitude of the self-reference effect.They reached this conclusion because

Which of the following statements about episodic memory is correct?

Suppose that some researchers would like to see whether memory is enhanced by using vivid imagery.They locate a large number of studies and use a statistical method to combine all the information to determine whether vivid imagery is effective.The method they use would be called as

Which of the following statements most accurately captures the point of view called the "false memory perspective" with respect to childhood sexual abuse?

Which of the following statements would be most consistent with the constructivist approach to memory?

Your knowledge of how to program your DVR to record your favorite television show is an example of

Which of the following is an example of semantic memory?

The term autobiographical memory generally refers to

Which of the following is the most accurate summary statement about the research on autobiographical memory?

Suppose that Joe experienced a hurricane about 18 months ago.His cousin Sam read about the hurricane in the newspaper,but he did not experience it.Which of the following would be most likely?

Stephanie is trying to decide whether she told Sid that the history test had been postponed-or whether she had only imagined telling him this.Stephanie is currently engaging in

Consider this sentence: "I know that the winters in Wisconsin are colder than the winters in New Jersey." This sentence is an example of

Suppose that Peter is an expert in gymnastics.You would expect to find that

Which of the following is an example of an implicit memory task?

Which of the following students provides the best understanding of the concept called elaboration?

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Perceptual Processes I: Visual and Auditory Recognition

Perceptual Processes II: Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters