Question 1

According to the research on infant speech perception,

Accepted Answer

A) infants cannot distinguish between their native language and an unfamiliar language until they are about 1 year of age. 
B) infants' ability to appreciate phoneme contrasts in an unfamiliar language improves substantially during the first 2 years of life. 
C) infants are slow to develop language because they cannot recognize the basic phonemes of their native language until they are about 9 months of age. 
D) by the age of about 5 months,infants respond more to their own name than to a different name. 
A) infants cannot distinguish between their native language and an unfamiliar language until they are about 1 year of age. 
B) infants' ability to appreciate phoneme contrasts in an unfamiliar language improves substantially during the first 2 years of life. 
C) infants are slow to develop language because they cannot recognize the basic phonemes of their native language until they are about 9 months of age. 
D) by the age of about 5 months,infants respond more to their own name than to a different name.

Question 2

Which of the following topics would be especially interesting to child psychologists who want to investigate theory of mind?

Accepted Answer

A) Do children realize that parents can remember a longer list of words than children do? 
B) Which is a more effective memory strategy for 10-year-olds,imagery or organization? 
C) Do children perform better on implicit memory tasks or explicit memory tasks? 
D) Can utilization deficit explain children's poor performance on recall tasks? 
A) Do children realize that parents can remember a longer list of words than children do? 
B) Which is a more effective memory strategy for 10-year-olds,imagery or organization? 
C) Do children perform better on implicit memory tasks or explicit memory tasks? 
D) Can utilization deficit explain children's poor performance on recall tasks?

Question 3

Which of the following students provides the most accurate information about memory in elderly adults,as opposed to younger adults?

Accepted Answer

A) Kanako: "Elderly adults are much more likely to have decreased frontal-lobe activation." 
B) Stacey: "Elderly adults often have more trouble paying attention." 
C) Curtis: "Elderly adults have much more trouble using strategies to enhance their performance on long-term memory tasks." 
D) Juan: "Elderly adults have much more trouble on implicit memory tasks." 
A) Kanako: "Elderly adults are much more likely to have decreased frontal-lobe activation." 
B) Stacey: "Elderly adults often have more trouble paying attention." 
C) Curtis: "Elderly adults have much more trouble using strategies to enhance their performance on long-term memory tasks." 
D) Juan: "Elderly adults have much more trouble on implicit memory tasks."

Question 4

Suppose that you are volunteering at a community program for elderly adults.With respect to working memory,you should remember that these elderly individuals will have the most difficulty when they are asked to

Accepted Answer

A) store sounds in the phonological loop. 
B) remember sentences that are spoken at a normal rate. 
C) rearrange information before recalling it. 
D) recall more than three numbers in the same order in which they were presented. 
A) store sounds in the phonological loop. 
B) remember sentences that are spoken at a normal rate. 
C) rearrange information before recalling it. 
D) recall more than three numbers in the same order in which they were presented.

Question 5

Suppose that you are enrolled in a child development course.In discussing children's memory,the professor says,"Preschool children are likely to demonstrate utilization deficiency." Which of the following options would be the most likely next sentence?

Accepted Answer

A) "You can teach them memory strategies,but they may not use them appropriately." 
B) "They can only use organizational strategies; they cannot utilize rehearsal or imagery." 
C) "Preschoolers lack the brain development to utilize working memory. 
D) "They realize that memory strategies would increase their recall,but they have difficulty remembering what the strategies are." 
A) "You can teach them memory strategies,but they may not use them appropriately." 
B) "They can only use organizational strategies; they cannot utilize rehearsal or imagery." 
C) "Preschoolers lack the brain development to utilize working memory. 
D) "They realize that memory strategies would increase their recall,but they have difficulty remembering what the strategies are."

Question 6

Studies of children's memory show that rehearsal

Accepted Answer

A) is a highly effective memory strategy. 
B) is more likely in older children than in younger children. 
C) often occurs spontaneously in children as young as 2. 
D) is only helpful on long-term memory tasks. 
A) is a highly effective memory strategy. 
B) is more likely in older children than in younger children. 
C) often occurs spontaneously in children as young as 2. 
D) is only helpful on long-term memory tasks.

Question 7

When Carolyn Rovee-Collier and other researchers use the conjugate reinforcement technique,a baby demonstrates memory by

Accepted Answer

A) showing dishabituation to a familiar stimulus,measured in terms of sucking responses. 
B) staring longer at a mobile that has never been seen before. 
C) smiling more at a familiar stimulus than at an unfamiliar stimulus. 
D) kicking his or her leg when the mobile is presented. 
A) showing dishabituation to a familiar stimulus,measured in terms of sucking responses. 
B) staring longer at a mobile that has never been seen before. 
C) smiling more at a familiar stimulus than at an unfamiliar stimulus. 
D) kicking his or her leg when the mobile is presented.

Question 8

According to the research on children's memory,the imagery strategy

Accepted Answer

A) is clearly the most useful mnemonic device that children can use in order to remember items. 
B) can be taught to children as a mnemonic device,but it only aids working memory. 
C) has not been demonstrated to be useful for children younger than 10 years of age. 
D) can sometimes be used effectively as a mnemonic device for children as young as 6 years of age. 
A) is clearly the most useful mnemonic device that children can use in order to remember items. 
B) can be taught to children as a mnemonic device,but it only aids working memory. 
C) has not been demonstrated to be useful for children younger than 10 years of age. 
D) can sometimes be used effectively as a mnemonic device for children as young as 6 years of age.

Question 9

What can we conclude about memory in elderly people?

Accepted Answer

A) Their implicit memory is substantially less accurate than that of young adults. 
B) Elderly people show rapid declines in recognition memory. 
C) Elderly people usually remember more material in the afternoon than in the morning. 
D) Elderly people sometimes have more difficulty than young adults on long-term recall tasks. 
A) Their implicit memory is substantially less accurate than that of young adults. 
B) Elderly people show rapid declines in recognition memory. 
C) Elderly people usually remember more material in the afternoon than in the morning. 
D) Elderly people sometimes have more difficulty than young adults on long-term recall tasks.

Question 10

Suppose that you are reading a story to a group of 6-year-old children; the story concerns a young child who is dancing around the room.You say to the children,"Try to think about how it would feel if you were dancing around this classroom." Based on the research of Foley and Ratner (1998),you would probably find that

Accepted Answer

A) some of the children would later report that they had in fact danced around the classroom. 
B) because children do not develop visual imagery until they are about 7 or 8,they would typically report,"You told us to think about dancing-but I didn't really dance." 
C) many children would report that they had actually heard dance music. 
D) the children would have no recall of the instructions,because they have so much difficulty understanding instructions. 
A) some of the children would later report that they had in fact danced around the classroom. 
B) because children do not develop visual imagery until they are about 7 or 8,they would typically report,"You told us to think about dancing-but I didn't really dance." 
C) many children would report that they had actually heard dance music. 
D) the children would have no recall of the instructions,because they have so much difficulty understanding instructions.

Question 11

The discussion of working memory in elderly people pointed out that

Accepted Answer

A) elderly people and young adults do not seem to differ on any measures of working memory. 
B) elderly people show consistent deficits on working memory tasks,in comparison with young adults. 
C) elderly people and young adults are most different from each other on easy working memory tasks. 
D) elderly people and young adults are most different from each other on difficult working memory tasks. 
A) elderly people and young adults do not seem to differ on any measures of working memory. 
B) elderly people show consistent deficits on working memory tasks,in comparison with young adults. 
C) elderly people and young adults are most different from each other on easy working memory tasks. 
D) elderly people and young adults are most different from each other on difficult working memory tasks.

Question 12

Ryan,age 16,is talking to his mother.He claims to remember a visit to England when he was only 18 months old.Ryan's mother,skeptical,suggests that he really only remembers hearing about the trip,because his parents talked about it so much over the years.Ryan's mother is suggesting that Ryan has made a

Accepted Answer

A) source monitoring error. 
B) conjugate reinforcement error. 
C) utilization deficiency error. 
D) sensory memory failure. 
A) source monitoring error. 
B) conjugate reinforcement error. 
C) utilization deficiency error. 
D) sensory memory failure.

Question 13

According to research about the importance of context in infant memory,

Accepted Answer

A) context does not seem to have an important influence on infants' memory. 
B) when infants are younger than 6 months,context has no influence on infants' memory; however,context is important for infants who are older than 6 months. 
C) infants actually show enhanced memory if the researchers test memory in a different context. 
D) context effects are even stronger for infants than for adults. 
A) context does not seem to have an important influence on infants' memory. 
B) when infants are younger than 6 months,context has no influence on infants' memory; however,context is important for infants who are older than 6 months. 
C) infants actually show enhanced memory if the researchers test memory in a different context. 
D) context effects are even stronger for infants than for adults.

Question 14

Which of the following examples would be most consistent with Marcus's (1996)rule-and-memory theory for children's choice of past-tense verbs?

Accepted Answer

A) Children systematically add "-ed" to every present-tense verb,to create a past-tense verb,and they remember this rule. 
B) Children typically add "-ed" to present-tense verbs,but they have also learned the past tense of a small number of irregular verbs. 
C) Children create a rule,based on adults' models of past tense,and the children store this rule in long-term memory. 
D) Children keep a tally of the statistically likely pattern of past-tense words,and they retrieve this rule from memory when appropriate. 
A) Children systematically add "-ed" to every present-tense verb,to create a past-tense verb,and they remember this rule. 
B) Children typically add "-ed" to present-tense verbs,but they have also learned the past tense of a small number of irregular verbs. 
C) Children create a rule,based on adults' models of past tense,and the children store this rule in long-term memory. 
D) Children keep a tally of the statistically likely pattern of past-tense words,and they retrieve this rule from memory when appropriate.

Question 15

Suppose that your elderly uncle is coming to visit.You are concerned because you will be discussing some important issues and do not want to overload his working memory.Based on the information in Chapter 13,you would suspect that

Accepted Answer

A) you probably do not need to worry,because no age-related differences have been reported for working memory. 
B) you probably do not need to worry,as long as you aren't talking to him while he is doing another complex task at the same time. 
C) you probably need to worry,because elderly people show deficits in the functioning of the phonological loop. 
D) you probably need to worry,because young adults and older adults have similar working memory only when speech rate is significantly slower than normal. 
A) you probably do not need to worry,because no age-related differences have been reported for working memory. 
B) you probably do not need to worry,as long as you aren't talking to him while he is doing another complex task at the same time. 
C) you probably need to worry,because elderly people show deficits in the functioning of the phonological loop. 
D) you probably need to worry,because young adults and older adults have similar working memory only when speech rate is significantly slower than normal.

Question 16

According to research on infant memory,if you want an infant to remember the sound of your voice,you should

Accepted Answer

A) speak in a soft voice for a long duration,such as an hour or more. 
B) speak in a loud voice for a long duration,such as an hour or more. 
C) speak briefly to the infant several times each day,with quiet time in between 
D) not expect memory until at least the age of 4 months. 
A) speak in a soft voice for a long duration,such as an hour or more. 
B) speak in a loud voice for a long duration,such as an hour or more. 
C) speak briefly to the infant several times each day,with quiet time in between 
D) not expect memory until at least the age of 4 months.

Question 17

According to the research on children's working memory,

Accepted Answer

A) children's memory span remains fairly constant between the ages of about 2 and 10. 
B) children do not seem to have a functioning visuospatial sketchpad until they are about 10 years of age. 
C) scores on tests of phonological working memory are correlated with reading skills. 
D) scores on tests of visuospatial working memory do not seem to be correlated with any academic skills. 
A) children's memory span remains fairly constant between the ages of about 2 and 10. 
B) children do not seem to have a functioning visuospatial sketchpad until they are about 10 years of age. 
C) scores on tests of phonological working memory are correlated with reading skills. 
D) scores on tests of visuospatial working memory do not seem to be correlated with any academic skills.

Question 18

Suppose that a 4-year-old and a 10-year-old are working together to make a surprise birthday card for their father.Later,they tell their father which parts each of them constructed.Based on the material in Chapter 13,you would expect to find that

Accepted Answer

A) the two children have similar accuracy,because working memory does not vary much with age. 
B) the two children have similar accuracy,because source monitoring does not vary much with age. 
C) the older child is more accurate,because the 4-year-old child will demonstrate almost complete childhood amnesia. 
D) the older child is more accurate,because source monitoring is more accurate for older children. 
A) the two children have similar accuracy,because working memory does not vary much with age. 
B) the two children have similar accuracy,because source monitoring does not vary much with age. 
C) the older child is more accurate,because the 4-year-old child will demonstrate almost complete childhood amnesia. 
D) the older child is more accurate,because source monitoring is more accurate for older children.

Question 19

Suppose that a 4-year-old boy has just visited the zoo.He is describing what he saw,first to an adult,and then to his 2-year-old sister.You would expect to find that

Accepted Answer

A) he uses the same kind of language for both people. 
B) he inappropriately uses more complicated language for his sister than for the adult. 
C) he uses more complicated language for the adult than for his sister. 
D) he would use more complicated language for the adult only if he is gifted in language skills. 
A) he uses the same kind of language for both people. 
B) he inappropriately uses more complicated language for his sister than for the adult. 
C) he uses more complicated language for the adult than for his sister. 
D) he would use more complicated language for the adult only if he is gifted in language skills.

Question 20

Young Jamie tells his mother,"Doggy runned away from me." The use of "runned" is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) fast mapping. 
B) overextension. 
C) overregularization. 
D) syntax. 
A) fast mapping. 
B) overextension. 
C) overregularization. 
D) syntax.

According to the research on infant speech perception,

Which of the following topics would be especially interesting to child psychologists who want to investigate theory of mind?

Which of the following students provides the most accurate information about memory in elderly adults,as opposed to younger adults?

Suppose that you are volunteering at a community program for elderly adults.With respect to working memory,you should remember that these elderly individuals will have the most difficulty when they are asked to

Suppose that you are enrolled in a child development course.In discussing children's memory,the professor says,"Preschool children are likely to demonstrate utilization deficiency." Which of the following options would be the most likely next sentence?

Studies of children's memory show that rehearsal

When Carolyn Rovee-Collier and other researchers use the conjugate reinforcement technique,a baby demonstrates memory by

According to the research on children's memory,the imagery strategy

What can we conclude about memory in elderly people?

The discussion of working memory in elderly people pointed out that

According to research about the importance of context in infant memory,

Which of the following examples would be most consistent with Marcus's (1996)rule-and-memory theory for children's choice of past-tense verbs?

Suppose that your elderly uncle is coming to visit.You are concerned because you will be discussing some important issues and do not want to overload his working memory.Based on the information in Chapter 13,you would suspect that

According to research on infant memory,if you want an infant to remember the sound of your voice,you should

According to the research on children's working memory,

Suppose that a 4-year-old and a 10-year-old are working together to make a surprise birthday card for their father.Later,they tell their father which parts each of them constructed.Based on the material in Chapter 13,you would expect to find that

Suppose that a 4-year-old boy has just visited the zoo.He is describing what he saw,first to an adult,and then to his 2-year-old sister.You would expect to find that

Young Jamie tells his mother,"Doggy runned away from me." The use of "runned" is an example of

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Perceptual Processes I: Visual and Auditory Recognition

Perceptual Processes II: Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters

Exam 13: Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

According to the research on infant speech perception,

Which of the following topics would be especially interesting to child psychologists who want to investigate theory of mind?

Which of the following students provides the most accurate information about memory in elderly adults,as opposed to younger adults?

Suppose that you are volunteering at a community program for elderly adults.With respect to working memory,you should remember that these elderly individuals will have the most difficulty when they are asked to

Suppose that you are enrolled in a child development course.In discussing children's memory,the professor says,"Preschool children are likely to demonstrate utilization deficiency." Which of the following options would be the most likely next sentence?

Studies of children's memory show that rehearsal

When Carolyn Rovee-Collier and other researchers use the conjugate reinforcement technique,a baby demonstrates memory by

According to the research on children's memory,the imagery strategy

What can we conclude about memory in elderly people?

The discussion of working memory in elderly people pointed out that

According to research about the importance of context in infant memory,

Which of the following examples would be most consistent with Marcus's (1996)rule-and-memory theory for children's choice of past-tense verbs?

Suppose that your elderly uncle is coming to visit.You are concerned because you will be discussing some important issues and do not want to overload his working memory.Based on the information in Chapter 13,you would suspect that

According to research on infant memory,if you want an infant to remember the sound of your voice,you should

According to the research on children's working memory,

Suppose that a 4-year-old and a 10-year-old are working together to make a surprise birthday card for their father.Later,they tell their father which parts each of them constructed.Based on the material in Chapter 13,you would expect to find that

Suppose that a 4-year-old boy has just visited the zoo.He is describing what he saw,first to an adult,and then to his 2-year-old sister.You would expect to find that

Young Jamie tells his mother,"Doggy runned away from me." The use of "runned" is an example of

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Perceptual Processes I: Visual and Auditory Recognition

Perceptual Processes II: Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters