Exam 1: Understanding Human Development

A researcher plans to investigate how toddlers interact with each other, starting from the first time they meet. In the planned study, toddlers that do not know one another will be placed in a room with many interesting toys. Parents will be nearby. Researchers will record the toddlers' interaction and examine the videotapes at a later time. This type of research is best described as which of the following?

Margaret argues that understanding human development is most like understanding botany, since in botany you need to learn about various systems, such as respiration, photosynthesis, energy production, and so forth. She states: "It is only by understanding how each system works that it is possible to understand the entire process." Margaret's view is most like that described in which theory of human development?

Lev Vygotsky's views on human development can be best categorized as belonging to which of the following theoretical perspectives?

According to Urie Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model of development, the customs and traditions that are common to one's culture would most likely be considered a part of that person's ______.

In collectivist cultures, competition is stressed over cooperation.

Which researcher believed that human behavior could be best understood in terms of how rewards and punishments exert an influence on people's actions?

If Jason states that "human development is the result of genetic instructions that influence development in combination with the many environmental experiences an individual has throughout the lifespan," you should conclude that his answer emphasizes the role of which of the following ideas?

Eighteen-year-old Trisha is experiencing the following symptoms: frequent sleep disturbances, the inability to feel normal emotions, problems controlling her impulses, and difficulty concentrating. She walks around much of the time in a "daze," and she often complains of pain in her neck and of feeling generally "ill." Based on information presented in the text, you would conclude that Trisha may be suffering from:

Developmental psychology is considered to be a science.

A screening committee rejected a research proposal to study frustration in children because the method involved exposing 5-year-olds to repeated failure on a series of highly difficult tasks. The committee's decision to reject this study reflected their concern about which ethical principle?

Systems theories provide explanations that are general, in the sense that they incorporate a very broad focus on development.

Which of the following best describes the difference in Freud's and Erikson's views about human development?

Which of the following refers to the basic developmental process in the individual that changes as a result of experience or practice?

Emily is 2 years old. In which of Freud's psychosexual stages of development is she most likely immersed?

This researcher proposed that children between the ages of 3 and 6 years might develop feelings of guilt if they are severely criticized or punished for their own actions.

Suppose little Maria has a good schema developed for "dogs." When she sees her neighbor's new dog, she correctly says, "Dog." Piaget would explain Maria's ability to incorporate a new instance of the "dog" category as an example of accommodation.

Which of the following processes is most clearly the result of primarily environmental forces acting on the person?

Which of the following theorists is most closely associated with behavioral theory?

Dr. Manfred has spent a lifetime developing a detailed explanation for why some children have difficulty learning arithmetic. She has written a book on this topic, which presents her ideas, including a set of assumptions about mathematical thinking, a set of predictions about which children will experience the most difficulty, and an overarching explanation for the entire phenomenon. Using the terms of science, we would conclude that Dr. Manfred's work represents what would typically be called a(n):

The sequential-cohort design combines the longitudinal and cross-sectional designs by: