Exam 1: Understanding Human Development

Andre's teacher organizes activities that are competitive, so that students who are high achievers get most of the rewards. Andre's classroom would be considered to be an example of the philosophy advanced in:

William recalls a time when he was a child when he nearly drowned in a public swimming pool. It was a very frightening experience. Since that time, the smell of chlorine leaves him with feelings of dread. William's situation can be most easily explained by which of the following?

According to the text, which ethical principle holds that people should participate voluntarily, should be told fully of the nature and possible consequences of the experiment, and should not be offered excessive rewards to participate?

If you were to explain a particular behavior as being learned according to Vygotsky's social-cognitive learning theory, you would most likely emphasize which of the following in your explanation of that behavior?

In the United States today, about what percentage of the states have enacted laws that ban the use of corporal punishment in public schools?

Suppose that Peggy once became ill after eating pizza. Now anytime that she smells pizza she starts to feel queasy. Peggy's situation has most likely developed as the result of:

Which of the following methods of assigning participants to groups in an experiment is the best example of random sampling?

Gloria plans to spend a semester abroad in Thailand. She looks forward to learning about the culture by reading books, studying about the culture and religions, and interviewing people she meets. Her form of learning is best considered to be an example of:

Which of the following is the best example of what is meant by the term maturation?

The major responsibility of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) is to evaluate research projects to determine if they might pose potential harm to participants.

The strength and direction of a relationship between two factors is represented by a statistic called a(n):

Which of the following theorists placed the greatest emphasis on unconscious experience as an important influence in development?

A researcher collects data on a group of children age 4 and another group age 6. He then waits three years, and collects similar data on these same groups of children, who now are age 7 and 9. His research design is an example of:

According to the text, in the 1990s, there were 50 regions in the world at war. In about how many of these regions were children involved as soldiers?

A guiding principle of understanding human development is that it is best studied using the methods of:

Which of the following statements comes closest to describing the principle central to Darwin's idea of natural selection?

Suppose you collect data about child abuse and find that mothers who have their first child before age 18 are more likely to be abusive than mothers who are older. However, you also note that young mothers are also more likely to be poor and have less access to prenatal care. Therefore, you cannot draw conclusions about maternal age and child abuse. The reason you cannot draw this conclusion is because your study involved:

In contrast to earlier times, by the end of the Middle Ages, attitudes about children in Western societies had:

Whenever Judy gets nervous, she starts biting her nails. A Freudian psychologist would most likely view Judy's nail biting as an example of:

Dr. Walton is interested specifically in how the brain changes during the period of infancy and early childhood. As such, his interest falls most clearly into which of the following domains of human development?