Question 1

The specific heat of a substance is a measure of

Accepted Answer

A) energy needed to change the kinetic energies of atoms and/or molecules and/or electrons by a temperature increment. 
B) total energy in the substance for a given temperature change. 
C) energy needed to vaporize/liquefy the substance. 
D) energy needed to liquefy/solidify the substance. 
E) none of the above 
A) energy needed to change the kinetic energies of atoms and/or molecules and/or electrons by a temperature increment. 
B) total energy in the substance for a given temperature change. 
C) energy needed to vaporize/liquefy the substance. 
D) energy needed to liquefy/solidify the substance. 
E) none of the above

Question 2

The first law of thermodynamics has as its basis the same fundamental principle as

Accepted Answer

A) the continuity principle. 
B) conservation of energy 
C) Newton's law of universal gravitation. 
D) static equilibrium. 
E) the conservation of linear momentum. 
A) the continuity principle. 
B) conservation of energy 
C) Newton's law of universal gravitation. 
D) static equilibrium. 
E) the conservation of linear momentum.

Question 3

Two liquids,A and B,are mixed together.Liquid A has mass m and was initially at temperature 40S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C,and liquid B has mass 2m and was initially at temperature 5S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C.The specific heat of liquid A is 1.5 times that of liquid B. Calculate the final temperature of the mixture.

Accepted Answer

A) 33.5S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C 
B) 14.3S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C 
C) 17.0S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C 
D) 20.0S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C 
E) 25.7S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C 
A) 33.5S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C 
B) 14.3S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C 
C) 17.0S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C 
D) 20.0S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C 
E) 25.7S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C

Question 4

A small lake has a surface area of 10000 m2.Assuming that the average depth of the lake is 2 m,how much heat is released when the average temperature of the water in the lake drops by 1CS1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0?

Accepted Answer

A) 8.36 $\times$ 1010 J 
B) 8.36 $\times$ 107 J 
C) 2.0 $\times$ 108 J 
D) 2.0 $\times$ 1011 J 
E) 8.36 $\times$ 103 J 
A) 8.36 $\times$ 1010 J 
B) 8.36 $\times$ 107 J 
C) 2.0 $\times$ 108 J 
D) 2.0 $\times$ 1011 J 
E) 8.36 $\times$ 103 J

Question 5

An ideal gas with an initial volume of 3 L at a pressure of 2 atm is compressed adiabatically until it has a volume of 2 L; then it is cooled at constant volume until its temperature drops to its initial value.The final pressure is

Accepted Answer

A)    atm 
B) 2 atm 
C) 3 atm 
D) 4/3 atm 
E) 6 atm 
A)    atm 
B) 2 atm 
C) 3 atm 
D) 4/3 atm 
E) 6 atm

Question 6

The equation of state for a certain gas under isothermal conditions is   where the units are SI.The work done by this gas as its volume increases isothermally from 0.2 m3 to 0.8 m3 is approximately

Accepted Answer

A) 2.86 J 
B) 28.6 J 
C) 43.3 J 
D) 71.8 J 
E) 115 J 
A) 2.86 J 
B) 28.6 J 
C) 43.3 J 
D) 71.8 J 
E) 115 J

Question 7

The equipartition theorem

Accepted Answer

A) fails to explain the fact that monatomic atoms do not rotate about any of three possible mutually perpendicular axes. 
B) is unable to account for the dependency of heat capacities on temperature. 
C) fails to predict correctly the heat capacities of solids at high temperatures. 
D) does not acknowledge the quantization of energy. 
E) is described by all of these 
A) fails to explain the fact that monatomic atoms do not rotate about any of three possible mutually perpendicular axes. 
B) is unable to account for the dependency of heat capacities on temperature. 
C) fails to predict correctly the heat capacities of solids at high temperatures. 
D) does not acknowledge the quantization of energy. 
E) is described by all of these

Question 8

If the heat given off by 300 g of an alloy as it cools through 50 Cº is sufficient to raise the temperature of 300 g of water from 30º to 40ºC,the specific heat of the alloy must be approximately

Accepted Answer

A) 0.015 cal/g · Cº 
B) 0.10 cal/g · Cº 
C) 0.15 cal/g · Cº 
D) 0.20 cal/g · Cº 
E) 0.50 cal/g · Cº 
A) 0.015 cal/g · Cº 
B) 0.10 cal/g · Cº 
C) 0.15 cal/g · Cº 
D) 0.20 cal/g · Cº 
E) 0.50 cal/g · Cº

Question 9

Use the following to answer question:  
-Heat is added to a substance at a constant rate.The substance starts as a solid and is melted; the liquid is heated and vaporized; finally,the vapor is heated.This process is shown in the graph.The latent heat of vaporization can be found by

Accepted Answer

A) multiplying the length of B (in seconds)by the rate at which heat is added,and dividing by the mass of the substance. 
B) multiplying the length of D (in seconds)by the rate at which heat is added,and dividing by the mass of the substance. 
C) multiplying the slope of A by the rate at which heat is added,and dividing by the mass of the substance. 
D) multiplying the slope of C by the rate at which heat is added,and dividing by the mass of the substance. 
E) multiplying the slope of E by the rate at which heat is added,and dividing by the mass of the substance. 
A) multiplying the length of B (in seconds)by the rate at which heat is added,and dividing by the mass of the substance. 
B) multiplying the length of D (in seconds)by the rate at which heat is added,and dividing by the mass of the substance. 
C) multiplying the slope of A by the rate at which heat is added,and dividing by the mass of the substance. 
D) multiplying the slope of C by the rate at which heat is added,and dividing by the mass of the substance. 
E) multiplying the slope of E by the rate at which heat is added,and dividing by the mass of the substance.

Question 10

A lake with 8.0 $\times$ 109 kg of water,which has a specific heat of 4180 J/kg · Cº,warms from 10 to 15ºC.The amount of heat transferred to the lake is

Accepted Answer

A) 2.5 $\times$ 103 J 
B) 1.7 $\times$ 1014 J 
C) 4.0 $\times$ 1015 J 
D) 1.7 $\times$ 1016 J 
E) 2.8 $\times$ 1016 J 
A) 2.5 $\times$ 103 J 
B) 1.7 $\times$ 1014 J 
C) 4.0 $\times$ 1015 J 
D) 1.7 $\times$ 1016 J 
E) 2.8 $\times$ 1016 J

Question 11

Use the following to answer question:  
-Heat is added to a substance at a constant rate.The substance starts as a solid and is melted; the liquid is heated and vaporized; finally,the vapor is heated.This process is shown in the graph.The specific heat of the liquid can be found by

Accepted Answer

A) multiplying the length of B (in seconds)by the rate at which heat is added,and dividing by the mass of the substance. 
B) multiplying the length of D (in seconds)by the rate at which heat is added,and dividing by the mass of the substance. 
C) dividing the rate at which heat is added by the product of the slope of A and the mass of the substance. 
D) dividing the rate at which heat is added by the product of the slope of C and the mass of the substance. 
E) dividing the rate at which heat is added by the product of the slope of E and the mass of the substance. 
A) multiplying the length of B (in seconds)by the rate at which heat is added,and dividing by the mass of the substance. 
B) multiplying the length of D (in seconds)by the rate at which heat is added,and dividing by the mass of the substance. 
C) dividing the rate at which heat is added by the product of the slope of A and the mass of the substance. 
D) dividing the rate at which heat is added by the product of the slope of C and the mass of the substance. 
E) dividing the rate at which heat is added by the product of the slope of E and the mass of the substance.

Question 12

Use the following to answer the question:  
-One mole of an ideal gas ($\gamma$ = 5/3)expands adiabatically and quasistatically from a pressure P1 = 6 atm and a temperature of 50ºC to a pressure P2 = 4 atm.How much work is done by the gas during this process? R = 8.314 J/mol·K = 8.206 L·atm/mol·K.

Accepted Answer

A) 50.3 kJ 
B) 56.2 kJ 
C) 95.9 kJ 
D) 131 kJ 
E) 158 kJ 
A) 50.3 kJ 
B) 56.2 kJ 
C) 95.9 kJ 
D) 131 kJ 
E) 158 kJ

Question 13

Use the following to answer the question:  
-An ideal gas initially at 50ºC and pressure P1 = 100 kPa occupies a volume V1 = 3 L.It undergoes a quasistatic,isothermal expansion until its pressure is reduced to 50 kPa.How much heat enters the gas during this process? R = 8.314 J/mol·K = 8.206 L·atm/mol·K.

Accepted Answer

A) 116 J 
B) 208 J 
C) 256 J 
D) 304 J 
E) 416 J 
A) 116 J 
B) 208 J 
C) 256 J 
D) 304 J 
E) 416 J

Question 14

A balloon contains gas at a pressure 1.2 atm (1 atm = 101.3 kPa)and has a volume of 0.10m3.More gas is pumped into the balloon at constant pressure until the volume is doubled.How much work is done by the pump?

Accepted Answer

A) 12 J 
B) 24 kJ 
C) 24 J 
D) 12 kJ 
E) 6.1 kJ 
A) 12 J 
B) 24 kJ 
C) 24 J 
D) 12 kJ 
E) 6.1 kJ

Question 15

You add 50 g of ice cubes to 125 g of water that is initially at 20ºC in a calorimeter of negligible heat capacity.When the system has reached equilibrium,how much of the ice remains?

Accepted Answer

A) 31 g 
B) 48 g 
C) 19 g 
D) 47 g 
E) all of the ice melts 
A) 31 g 
B) 48 g 
C) 19 g 
D) 47 g 
E) all of the ice melts

Question 16

When a substance goes directly from a solid state to a gaseous form,the process is known as

Accepted Answer

A) vaporization. 
B) evaporization. 
C) condensation. 
D) sublimation. 
E) deposition. 
A) vaporization. 
B) evaporization. 
C) condensation. 
D) sublimation. 
E) deposition.

Question 17

Use the following to answer question:  
-Heat is added to a substance at a constant rate.The substance starts as a solid and is melted; the liquid is heated and vaporized; finally,the vapor is heated.This process is shown in the graph.The specific heat of the solid can be found by

Accepted Answer

A) multiplying the length of B (in seconds)by the rate at which heat is added,and dividing by the mass of the substance. 
B) multiplying the length of D (in seconds)by the rate at which heat is added,and dividing by the mass of the substance. 
C) dividing the rate at which heat is added by the product of the slope of A and the mass of the substance. 
D) dividing the rate at which heat is added by the product of the slope of C and the mass of the substance. 
E) dividing the rate at which heat is added by the product of the slope of E and the mass of the substance. 
A) multiplying the length of B (in seconds)by the rate at which heat is added,and dividing by the mass of the substance. 
B) multiplying the length of D (in seconds)by the rate at which heat is added,and dividing by the mass of the substance. 
C) dividing the rate at which heat is added by the product of the slope of A and the mass of the substance. 
D) dividing the rate at which heat is added by the product of the slope of C and the mass of the substance. 
E) dividing the rate at which heat is added by the product of the slope of E and the mass of the substance.

Question 18

Use the following to answer the question:  
-An ideal gas initially at 100ºC and pressure P1 = 250 kPa occupies a volume V1 = 4.5 L.It undergoes a quasistatic,isothermal expansion until its pressure is reduced to 150 kPa.How much heat enters the gas during this process? R = 8.314 J/mol·K = 8.206 L·atm/mol·K.

Accepted Answer

A) 116 J 
B) 320 J 
C) 575 J 
D) 640 J 
E) 850 J 
A) 116 J 
B) 320 J 
C) 575 J 
D) 640 J 
E) 850 J

Question 19

Use the following to answer the question:  
-An ideal gas initially at 50ºC and pressure P1 = 250 kPa occupies a volume V1 = 4.5 L.It undergoes a quasistatic,isothermal expansion until its pressure is reduced to 150 kPa.How much work was done by the gas during this process? R = 8.314 J/mol·K = 8.206 L·atm/mol·K.

Accepted Answer

A) 116 J 
B) 320 J 
C) 575 J 
D) 640 J 
E) 850 J 
A) 116 J 
B) 320 J 
C) 575 J 
D) 640 J 
E) 850 J

Question 20

The fact that most solids have molar heat capacities of approximately 3R,where R is the universal gas constant,is known as

Accepted Answer

A) the first law of thermodynamics. 
B) the equipartition theorem. 
C) the Dulong-Petit law. 
D) Joule's principle. 
E) None of these is correct. 
A) the first law of thermodynamics. 
B) the equipartition theorem. 
C) the Dulong-Petit law. 
D) Joule's principle. 
E) None of these is correct.

Exam 18: Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics

The specific heat of a substance is a measure of

The first law of thermodynamics has as its basis the same fundamental principle as

Two liquids,A and B,are mixed together.Liquid A has mass m and was initially at temperature 40 ∘\circ∘ C,and liquid B has mass 2m and was initially at temperature 5 ∘\circ∘ C.The specific heat of liquid A is 1.5 times that of liquid B. Calculate the final temperature of the mixture.

A small lake has a surface area of 10000 m2.Assuming that the average depth of the lake is 2 m,how much heat is released when the average temperature of the water in the lake drops by 1C ∘\circ∘ ?

An ideal gas with an initial volume of 3 L at a pressure of 2 atm is compressed adiabatically until it has a volume of 2 L; then it is cooled at constant volume until its temperature drops to its initial value.The final pressure is

The equation of state for a certain gas under isothermal conditions is where the units are SI.The work done by this gas as its volume increases isothermally from 0.2 m3 to 0.8 m3 is approximately

The equipartition theorem

If the heat given off by 300 g of an alloy as it cools through 50 Cº is sufficient to raise the temperature of 300 g of water from 30º to 40ºC,the specific heat of the alloy must be approximately

Use the following to answer question: -Heat is added to a substance at a constant rate.The substance starts as a solid and is melted; the liquid is heated and vaporized; finally,the vapor is heated.This process is shown in the graph.The latent heat of vaporization can be found by

A lake with 8.0 ×\times× 109 kg of water,which has a specific heat of 4180 J/kg · Cº,warms from 10 to 15ºC.The amount of heat transferred to the lake is

Use the following to answer question: -Heat is added to a substance at a constant rate.The substance starts as a solid and is melted; the liquid is heated and vaporized; finally,the vapor is heated.This process is shown in the graph.The specific heat of the liquid can be found by

A balloon contains gas at a pressure 1.2 atm (1 atm = 101.3 kPa)and has a volume of 0.10m3.More gas is pumped into the balloon at constant pressure until the volume is doubled.How much work is done by the pump?

You add 50 g of ice cubes to 125 g of water that is initially at 20ºC in a calorimeter of negligible heat capacity.When the system has reached equilibrium,how much of the ice remains?

When a substance goes directly from a solid state to a gaseous form,the process is known as

Use the following to answer question: -Heat is added to a substance at a constant rate.The substance starts as a solid and is melted; the liquid is heated and vaporized; finally,the vapor is heated.This process is shown in the graph.The specific heat of the solid can be found by

The fact that most solids have molar heat capacities of approximately 3R,where R is the universal gas constant,is known as

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Newtons Laws

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Static Equilibrium and Elasticity

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Two liquids,A and B,are mixed together.Liquid A has mass m and was initially at temperature 40^$\circ$C,and liquid B has mass 2m and was initially at temperature 5^$\circ$C.The specific heat of liquid A is 1.5 times that of liquid B. Calculate the final temperature of the mixture.

A small lake has a surface area of 10000 m².Assuming that the average depth of the lake is 2 m,how much heat is released when the average temperature of the water in the lake drops by 1C^$\circ$?

The equation of state for a certain gas under isothermal conditions is where the units are SI.The work done by this gas as its volume increases isothermally from 0.2 m³ to 0.8 m³ is approximately

A lake with 8.0 $\times$ 10⁹kg of water,which has a specific heat of 4180 J/kg · Cº,warms from 10 to 15ºC.The amount of heat transferred to the lake is

A balloon contains gas at a pressure 1.2 atm (1 atm = 101.3 kPa)and has a volume of 0.10m³.More gas is pumped into the balloon at constant pressure until the volume is doubled.How much work is done by the pump?