Question 1

Explain how Erikson's conflict of trust versus mistrust contributes to early personality development.

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's conflict of trust versus

Question 2

Picking up crying infants spoils babies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Mutual regulation refers to

Accepted Answer

A) babies' active participation in controlling their emotional states. 
B) babies becoming less dependent on caregivers' emotional states. 
C) babies becoming self-regulated rather than other-regulated. 
D) the absence of a "still-face" effect. 
A) babies' active participation in controlling their emotional states. 
B) babies becoming less dependent on caregivers' emotional states. 
C) babies becoming self-regulated rather than other-regulated. 
D) the absence of a "still-face" effect.

Question 4

Which of the following is the foundation for socialization?

Accepted Answer

A) Self-awareness 
B) Self-description 
C) Self-regulation 
D) Self-recognition 
A) Self-awareness 
B) Self-description 
C) Self-regulation 
D) Self-recognition

Question 5

Which of the following children is probably NOT experiencing a problem of "fit" between temperament and environment?

Accepted Answer

A) Aaron is a quiet and fairly inactive child.He lives in a small apartment with his older parents. 
B) Brian likes to sit quietly and play alone.He spends most days with ten other children at a day care center. 
C) Carolyn enjoys trying out musical instruments and experimenting with arts and crafts materials.Her mother likes the house to be quiet and neat. 
D) Debby is hesitant and quiet.Her father pushes her to experience new situations. 
A) Aaron is a quiet and fairly inactive child.He lives in a small apartment with his older parents. 
B) Brian likes to sit quietly and play alone.He spends most days with ten other children at a day care center. 
C) Carolyn enjoys trying out musical instruments and experimenting with arts and crafts materials.Her mother likes the house to be quiet and neat. 
D) Debby is hesitant and quiet.Her father pushes her to experience new situations.

Question 6

Baby Elise is irritable,does not follow regular patterns of eating and sleeping,and has intense reactions to what goes on in her environment.Elise's temperament can be characterized as

Accepted Answer

A) easy. 
B) difficult. 
C) slow-to-warm-up. 
D) mixed. 
A) easy. 
B) difficult. 
C) slow-to-warm-up. 
D) mixed.

Question 7

The development of basic sense of trust versus mistrust occurs through the infant's interactions with

Accepted Answer

A) strangers encountered during infancy. 
B) the child's immediate social circle. 
C) the physical environment. 
D) other infants. 
A) strangers encountered during infancy. 
B) the child's immediate social circle. 
C) the physical environment. 
D) other infants.

Question 8

Marina is a 3-year-old who is securely attached to her parents.Which of the following characteristics would she likely exhibit?

Accepted Answer

A) Shyness 
B) Self-confidence 
C) Fearfulness toward strangers 
D) Exceptional intelligence 
A) Shyness 
B) Self-confidence 
C) Fearfulness toward strangers 
D) Exceptional intelligence

Question 9

Differences in sociability among very young children

Accepted Answer

A) appear to be entirely due to hereditary factors. 
B) are associated with the amount of time babies spend with other babies. 
C) tend to reflect the sociability of the fathers. 
D) is unrelated to the amount of early contact with nonfamily members. 
A) appear to be entirely due to hereditary factors. 
B) are associated with the amount of time babies spend with other babies. 
C) tend to reflect the sociability of the fathers. 
D) is unrelated to the amount of early contact with nonfamily members.

Question 10

When 1-year-old Tommy's grandmother comes to his house to take care of him while his parents go out,Tommy starts to fuss and cry as his mother gets ready to leave.Tommy is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A) imprinting. 
B) separation anxiety. 
C) stranger anxiety. 
D) anxious attachment. 
A) imprinting. 
B) separation anxiety. 
C) stranger anxiety. 
D) anxious attachment.

Question 11

Two-year-old Cameron rejects his parents' offers of assistance and shows high levels of negativism.According to Erikson's theory,Cameron is

Accepted Answer

A) a temperamentally difficult child. 
B) an anxiously attached child. 
C) expressing the need for autonomy. 
D) developing the capacity for symbolic representation. 
A) a temperamentally difficult child. 
B) an anxiously attached child. 
C) expressing the need for autonomy. 
D) developing the capacity for symbolic representation.

Question 12

According to attachment theory,

Accepted Answer

A) early caregiving has a negligible influence on the development of attachment. 
B) babies build a "working model" based on their interactions with caregivers. 
C) attachment patterns cannot be changed after the age of 12 months. 
D) a baby's attachment is distinct from Erikson's concept of trust. 
A) early caregiving has a negligible influence on the development of attachment. 
B) babies build a "working model" based on their interactions with caregivers. 
C) attachment patterns cannot be changed after the age of 12 months. 
D) a baby's attachment is distinct from Erikson's concept of trust.

Question 13

According to the concept of mutual regulation,infants whose mothers are depressed are likely to

Accepted Answer

A) find another caregiver with whom to establish a secure attachment. 
B) react positively in an attempt to cheer her up. 
C) have inherited a difficult temperament. 
D) feel powerless to elicit a positive response. 
A) find another caregiver with whom to establish a secure attachment. 
B) react positively in an attempt to cheer her up. 
C) have inherited a difficult temperament. 
D) feel powerless to elicit a positive response.

Question 14

In terms of gender differences,parents

Accepted Answer

A) have higher expectations of boys. 
B) view boys and girls as equal. 
C) want boys and girls to be more similar. 
D) have higher expectations of girls. 
A) have higher expectations of boys. 
B) view boys and girls as equal. 
C) want boys and girls to be more similar. 
D) have higher expectations of girls.

Question 15

Which of the following is a preferred way to measure attachment between a mother and a baby?

Accepted Answer

A) The strength of separation anxiety when the mother leaves 
B) The strength of stranger anxiety in the absence of the mother 
C) The reaction of the baby when the mother returns 
D) The strength of the baby's reaction when she is taken from the mother 
A) The strength of separation anxiety when the mother leaves 
B) The strength of stranger anxiety in the absence of the mother 
C) The reaction of the baby when the mother returns 
D) The strength of the baby's reaction when she is taken from the mother

Question 16

Securely attached infants,when studied between ages 3 and 5,tend to be _____ than insecurely attached infants.

Accepted Answer

A) more dependent 
B) less cooperative 
C) more curious 
D) less persistent 
A) more dependent 
B) less cooperative 
C) more curious 
D) less persistent

Question 17

Pedro is quiet and extremely shy,often requiring a great deal of time to warm up to new people.Pedro's temperament

Accepted Answer

A) might be substantially modified by environmental factors. 
B) cannot be modified. 
C) is strongly affected by birth order. 
D) is not affected by cultural differences. 
A) might be substantially modified by environmental factors. 
B) cannot be modified. 
C) is strongly affected by birth order. 
D) is not affected by cultural differences.

Question 18

Define emotion.Explain the concept of the self,and explain why emotions such as pride,shame,and guilt develop late in infancy and toddlerhood.

Accepted Answer

Emotion can be defined as a complex psyc

Question 19

Which of the following best describes young infants' contribution to the mother-child attachment relationship?

Accepted Answer

A) In the first few months,infants can influence attachment only in the breast-feeding situation. 
B) Infants' attachment behaviors in the first few months are limited to a few expressions of emotion,such as smiling and crying. 
C) Virtually any activity on the part of an infant that leads to a response from adults is an attachment behavior. 
D) Until they can communicate through a variety of sounds and gestures,infants are passive recipients of adults' initiatives and cannot directly influence attachment. 
A) In the first few months,infants can influence attachment only in the breast-feeding situation. 
B) Infants' attachment behaviors in the first few months are limited to a few expressions of emotion,such as smiling and crying. 
C) Virtually any activity on the part of an infant that leads to a response from adults is an attachment behavior. 
D) Until they can communicate through a variety of sounds and gestures,infants are passive recipients of adults' initiatives and cannot directly influence attachment.

Question 20

Kora did not learn sufficient trust during the first stage of development.In her adult years,one might expect her to display

Accepted Answer

A) excessive anger. 
B) a lack of self-regulation. 
C) difficulty forming close relationships. 
D) a tendency toward negativism. 
A) excessive anger. 
B) a lack of self-regulation. 
C) difficulty forming close relationships. 
D) a tendency toward negativism.

Explain how Erikson's conflict of trust versus mistrust contributes to early personality development.

Picking up crying infants spoils babies.

Mutual regulation refers to

Which of the following is the foundation for socialization?

Which of the following children is probably NOT experiencing a problem of "fit" between temperament and environment?

Baby Elise is irritable,does not follow regular patterns of eating and sleeping,and has intense reactions to what goes on in her environment.Elise's temperament can be characterized as

The development of basic sense of trust versus mistrust occurs through the infant's interactions with

Marina is a 3-year-old who is securely attached to her parents.Which of the following characteristics would she likely exhibit?

Differences in sociability among very young children

When 1-year-old Tommy's grandmother comes to his house to take care of him while his parents go out,Tommy starts to fuss and cry as his mother gets ready to leave.Tommy is demonstrating

Two-year-old Cameron rejects his parents' offers of assistance and shows high levels of negativism.According to Erikson's theory,Cameron is

According to attachment theory,

According to the concept of mutual regulation,infants whose mothers are depressed are likely to

In terms of gender differences,parents

Which of the following is a preferred way to measure attachment between a mother and a baby?

Securely attached infants,when studied between ages 3 and 5,tend to be _____ than insecurely attached infants.

Pedro is quiet and extremely shy,often requiring a great deal of time to warm up to new people.Pedro's temperament

Define emotion.Explain the concept of the self,and explain why emotions such as pride,shame,and guilt develop late in infancy and toddlerhood.

Which of the following best describes young infants' contribution to the mother-child attachment relationship?

Kora did not learn sufficient trust during the first stage of development.In her adult years,one might expect her to display

Studying a Childs World

A Childs World: How We Discover It

Forming a New Life: Conception,heredity,and Environment

Pregnancy and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development and Health During the First Three Years

Cognitive Development During the First Three Years

Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

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Exam 8: Psychosocial Development During the First Three Years

Explain how Erikson's conflict of trust versus mistrust contributes to early personality development.

Picking up crying infants spoils babies.

Mutual regulation refers to

Which of the following is the foundation for socialization?

Which of the following children is probably NOT experiencing a problem of "fit" between temperament and environment?

Baby Elise is irritable,does not follow regular patterns of eating and sleeping,and has intense reactions to what goes on in her environment.Elise's temperament can be characterized as

The development of basic sense of trust versus mistrust occurs through the infant's interactions with

Marina is a 3-year-old who is securely attached to her parents.Which of the following characteristics would she likely exhibit?

Differences in sociability among very young children

When 1-year-old Tommy's grandmother comes to his house to take care of him while his parents go out,Tommy starts to fuss and cry as his mother gets ready to leave.Tommy is demonstrating

Two-year-old Cameron rejects his parents' offers of assistance and shows high levels of negativism.According to Erikson's theory,Cameron is

According to attachment theory,

According to the concept of mutual regulation,infants whose mothers are depressed are likely to

In terms of gender differences,parents

Which of the following is a preferred way to measure attachment between a mother and a baby?

Securely attached infants,when studied between ages 3 and 5,tend to be _____ than insecurely attached infants.

Pedro is quiet and extremely shy,often requiring a great deal of time to warm up to new people.Pedro's temperament

Define emotion.Explain the concept of the self,and explain why emotions such as pride,shame,and guilt develop late in infancy and toddlerhood.

Which of the following best describes young infants' contribution to the mother-child attachment relationship?

Kora did not learn sufficient trust during the first stage of development.In her adult years,one might expect her to display

Studying a Childs World

A Childs World: How We Discover It

Forming a New Life: Conception,heredity,and Environment

Pregnancy and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development and Health During the First Three Years

Cognitive Development During the First Three Years

Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

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