Exam 7: Randomized Experiments and Causal Inference

The observation that sometimes subjects are extremely willing to complete a meaningless task in order to help the experimenter illustrates the idea of

What is a quasi-control subject? How can this assist in discovering demand characteristics in an experiment?

What is an artifact? Why are artifacts of concern to researchers?

Experimental designs that expose subjects to only one treatment condition each are referred to as

An educator is interested in whether including a physically challenged student in a kindergarten class will enhance the other students' level of compassion. The educator assesses the students' level of compassion at the beginning of the year, before the physically challenged student was assigned to the classroom. At the end of the school year, the educator reassesses the students' level of compassion and notes whether overall compassion has increased or decreased. This is an example of which type of research design according to Campbell and his colleagues?

How do Mill's methods form the logical basis of all simple randomized designs?

To minimize problems in repeated-measures designs that can result from systematic differences between successive measurements, a researcher should use a method called

Which of the following is NOT a reason given for incorporating random assignment into one's research design?

The control group was measured using a different measuring tape than the treatment group. This is an example of which potential bias?

All of the following are criteria for determining efficient causation EXCEPT

I selected my 7^th grade classmates as the control group and a group of 7^th graders from another school as the treatment group. What bias has a good chance of impacting this study?

Tom believes that studying while listening to music will improve test performance. To test this hypothesis, Tom has one group of participants listen to music while studying for a spelling test. A second group of participants study for the test in silence. Tom then compares the spelling test performance for both groups. Tom's study is best described as which type of experimental design?

Within-subjects designs are also called

Research designs that do not employ the use of randomization are referred to as

Which of the following refers to a finding that results from conditions other than those intended by the experimenter?

To assess the effectiveness of a special lesson plan, a teacher implements the lesson plan and then evaluates the effectiveness of the plan by analyzing the students' test scores upon completion of the learning unit. This is an example of which type of research design according to Campbell and his colleagues?

Unintended cues that can influence a subject's behavior in an experiment are referred to as

Mill's method of agreement corresponds to which group in a simple research design?

Mill's method of difference implies that X is a(n) __________ condition of Y.

In a drug study, one group of subjects receives a sugar pill rather than the pill containing the ingredients under investigation. This "sugar pill" group is referred to as the __________ control group.