Question 1

What is the correct order of events during primary succession?

Accepted Answer

A)  Soil formation occurs - pioneer species enter the region, shrubs begin to grow - small trees begin to grow 
B)  pioneer species enter the region, soil formation occurs, shrubs begin to grow - small trees begin to grow 
C)  pioneer species enter the region, shrubs begin to grow - small trees begin to grow 
D)  pioneer species enter the region, climax status is reached- small trees begin to grow 
A)  Soil formation occurs - pioneer species enter the region, shrubs begin to grow - small trees begin to grow 
B)  pioneer species enter the region, soil formation occurs, shrubs begin to grow - small trees begin to grow 
C)  pioneer species enter the region, shrubs begin to grow - small trees begin to grow 
D)  pioneer species enter the region, climax status is reached- small trees begin to grow

Question 2

Organisms in all trophic levels may be consumed by decomposers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Energy flow in an ecosystem is not cyclic because energy is

Accepted Answer

A)  destroyed as it is used. 
B)  evenly spread out over many organisms. 
C)  converted to many kinds of useful energy. 
D)  increased as you go up the energy pyramid. 
E)  converted to heat, which is no longer useful. 
A)  destroyed as it is used. 
B)  evenly spread out over many organisms. 
C)  converted to many kinds of useful energy. 
D)  increased as you go up the energy pyramid. 
E)  converted to heat, which is no longer useful.

Question 4

Ecologist Robert MacArthur observed that five species of similar warblers coexisted on spruce trees because they

Accepted Answer

A)  ate different kinds of insects. 
B)  cooperated in their foraging habits. 
C)  foraged in different places of the tree canopy. 
D)  were actually subspecies of the same species. 
E)  were kept below the carrying capacity by predators. 
A)  ate different kinds of insects. 
B)  cooperated in their foraging habits. 
C)  foraged in different places of the tree canopy. 
D)  were actually subspecies of the same species. 
E)  were kept below the carrying capacity by predators.

Question 5

As animals take in food energy approximately 10% of it is made available to the next level in the food chain. Which of the following is one of the ways in which the energy is used by the organism and not passed along?

Accepted Answer

A)  cellular respiration 
B)  defecation 
C)  excretion 
D)  death 
E)  All of these are ways in which the organism uses the energy. 
A)  cellular respiration 
B)  defecation 
C)  excretion 
D)  death 
E)  All of these are ways in which the organism uses the energy.

Question 6

All the populations of all the different species interacting with one another in the same environment is called

Accepted Answer

A)  diversity. 
B)  a community. 
C)  an ecosystem. 
D)  predation. 
E)  symbiosis. 
A)  diversity. 
B)  a community. 
C)  an ecosystem. 
D)  predation. 
E)  symbiosis.

Question 7

Primary succession takes much longer than secondary succession because it involves

Accepted Answer

A)  colonization by more K-selected species. 
B)  time for development of the soil. 
C)  more time for development of a seed bank. 
D)  colonization by organisms that are farther away. 
E)  redevelopment of the atmospheric gases. 
A)  colonization by more K-selected species. 
B)  time for development of the soil. 
C)  more time for development of a seed bank. 
D)  colonization by organisms that are farther away. 
E)  redevelopment of the atmospheric gases.

Question 8

In a grazing food chain,

Accepted Answer

A)  primary consumers eat detritus. 
B)  primary consumers eat photosynthetic organisms. 
C)  secondary consumers eat detritus. 
D)  secondary consumers eat photosynthetic organisms. 
E)  all the consumers are primary consumers. 
A)  primary consumers eat detritus. 
B)  primary consumers eat photosynthetic organisms. 
C)  secondary consumers eat detritus. 
D)  secondary consumers eat photosynthetic organisms. 
E)  all the consumers are primary consumers.

Question 9

In order for a community to reach the status of climax community, succession must always begin with pioneer species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The frequent change in HIV surface proteins is a type of

Accepted Answer

A)  coevolution. 
B)  parasitism. 
C)  mutualism. 
D)  commensalism. 
A)  coevolution. 
B)  parasitism. 
C)  mutualism. 
D)  commensalism.

Question 11

An ecosystem contains

Accepted Answer

A)  only the biotic components of the local environment. 
B)  only the abiotic components of the local environment. 
C)  only the energy flow components of an local environment. 
D)  both the biotic and the abiotic components of the local environment. 
E)  only the food relationships found in the local environment. 
A)  only the biotic components of the local environment. 
B)  only the abiotic components of the local environment. 
C)  only the energy flow components of an local environment. 
D)  both the biotic and the abiotic components of the local environment. 
E)  only the food relationships found in the local environment.

Question 12

Is it possible that the carbon atoms in your body may have once made up the living tissues of another person or animal in earlier times? This is

Accepted Answer

A)  possible only if you are a cannibal. 
B)  possible since carbon cycles through the biosphere. 
C)  impossible since carbon can't enter a living system more than once. 
D)  highly unlikely since carbon is always tied up in molecules in organisms or minerals. 
A)  possible only if you are a cannibal. 
B)  possible since carbon cycles through the biosphere. 
C)  impossible since carbon can't enter a living system more than once. 
D)  highly unlikely since carbon is always tied up in molecules in organisms or minerals.

Question 13

Approximately what percentage of the energy in one trophic level is incorporated into the next trophic level?

Accepted Answer

A)  1% 
B)  10% 
C)  30% 
D)  60% 
E)  100% 
A)  1% 
B)  10% 
C)  30% 
D)  60% 
E)  100%

Question 14

Which of the following pairings of organisms and their method of obtaining nutrients is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  autotrophs - chemosynthesis 
B)  herbivores - algae 
C)  detritivores - inorganic matter 
D)  carnivores - other animals 
A)  autotrophs - chemosynthesis 
B)  herbivores - algae 
C)  detritivores - inorganic matter 
D)  carnivores - other animals

Question 15

If there are 12,000kg in the base of an ecological pyramid, how many kg will be found in the body tissue of the tertiary consumers?

Accepted Answer

A)  1200 kg 
B)  120 kg 
C)  12000 kg 
D)  6000 kg 
E)  12 kg 
A)  1200 kg 
B)  120 kg 
C)  12000 kg 
D)  6000 kg 
E)  12 kg

Question 16

MacArthur discovered that five species of warblers coexisted on spruce trees by foraging on the same caterpillar, but in different places of the tree canopy. This is

Accepted Answer

A)  an exception to the competitive exclusion principle. 
B)  an exception based on birds taking longer to eventually compete and eliminate competitors. 
C)  confirmation that all warblers were actually variations of the same species because different species couldn't coexist. 
D)  an example of resource partitioning. 
A)  an exception to the competitive exclusion principle. 
B)  an exception based on birds taking longer to eventually compete and eliminate competitors. 
C)  confirmation that all warblers were actually variations of the same species because different species couldn't coexist. 
D)  an example of resource partitioning.

Question 17

_____ occurs when one living organism feeds on another.

Accepted Answer

A)  Competition 
B)  Mimicry 
C)  Commensalism 
D)  Predation 
E)  Symbiosis 
A)  Competition 
B)  Mimicry 
C)  Commensalism 
D)  Predation 
E)  Symbiosis

Question 18

Consider the following food chain: hawk - rabbit - clover. Each species will contain a different amount of calories in its body (clover: 10 calories, rabbit: 500 and hawk: 1200). Each species has a different daily caloric requirement (clover: sunlight, rabbit: 100 calories, hawk: 300).
How many clover plants, per day, does it take to support a family of hawks (mom, dad and juvenile. Assume each hawk needs the same number of calories per day)?

Accepted Answer

A)  approximately 1800 clover plants 
B)  approximately 600 clover plants 
C)  approximately 100 clover plants 
D)  approximately 18,000 clover plants 
E)  None, hawks do not eat clover plants. 
A)  approximately 1800 clover plants 
B)  approximately 600 clover plants 
C)  approximately 100 clover plants 
D)  approximately 18,000 clover plants 
E)  None, hawks do not eat clover plants.

Question 19

Which of the following associations between organism and nutrient source is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  raccoons - omnivores 
B)  cows - herbivores 
C)  earthworms - detritivores 
D)  bacteria - decomposers 
E)  humans - carnivores 
A)  raccoons - omnivores 
B)  cows - herbivores 
C)  earthworms - detritivores 
D)  bacteria - decomposers 
E)  humans - carnivores

Question 20

There are several species of grain beetles that live on dry meal and do considerable damage to stored grain. In an experiment, a dozen jars of dry meal are set up and fifty individuals of each species, both males and females, are added to each jar. The food supply is not quite sufficient to last for six months and the size of the jar is adequate so that wastes do not become toxic. Most likely, examination of the jars in six months will find

Accepted Answer

A)  a totally random variation in numbers of both beetles. 
B)  only one species per jar. 
C)  the same ratio of beetles as when you started (about half from each species). 
D)  only dead beetles in all jars due to intense competition for the niche. 
A)  a totally random variation in numbers of both beetles. 
B)  only one species per jar. 
C)  the same ratio of beetles as when you started (about half from each species). 
D)  only dead beetles in all jars due to intense competition for the niche.

Exam 45: Community and Ecosystem Ecology

What is the correct order of events during primary succession?

Organisms in all trophic levels may be consumed by decomposers.

Energy flow in an ecosystem is not cyclic because energy is

Ecologist Robert MacArthur observed that five species of similar warblers coexisted on spruce trees because they

As animals take in food energy approximately 10% of it is made available to the next level in the food chain. Which of the following is one of the ways in which the energy is used by the organism and not passed along?

All the populations of all the different species interacting with one another in the same environment is called

Primary succession takes much longer than secondary succession because it involves

In a grazing food chain,

In order for a community to reach the status of climax community, succession must always begin with pioneer species.

The frequent change in HIV surface proteins is a type of

An ecosystem contains

Is it possible that the carbon atoms in your body may have once made up the living tissues of another person or animal in earlier times? This is

Approximately what percentage of the energy in one trophic level is incorporated into the next trophic level?

Which of the following pairings of organisms and their method of obtaining nutrients is incorrect?

If there are 12,000kg in the base of an ecological pyramid, how many kg will be found in the body tissue of the tertiary consumers?

MacArthur discovered that five species of warblers coexisted on spruce trees by foraging on the same caterpillar, but in different places of the tree canopy. This is

_____ occurs when one living organism feeds on another.

Which of the following associations between organism and nutrient source is incorrect?

A View of Life

Basic Chemistry

The Chemistry of Organic Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

Regulation of Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Darwin and Evolution

How Populations Evolve

Speciation and Macroevolution

Origin and History of Life

Taxonomy, Systematics, and Phylogeny

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protist Evolution and Diversity

Fungi Evolution and Diversity

Plant Evolution and Diversity

Flowering Plants: Structureand Organization

Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Flowering Plants: Control of Growth Responses

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Invertebrate Evolution

Vertebrate Evolution

Human Evolution

Animal Organization and Homeostasis

Circulation and Cardiovascular Systems

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Respiratory Systems

Body Fluid Regulation and Excretory Systems

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sense Organs

Locomotion and Support Systems

Hormones and Endocrine Systems

Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation of Biodiversity

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