Question 1

All of the following are examples of damage caused by acid deposition from rain EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  leaching of aluminum from the soil into lakes which results in the formation of toxic methyl mercury from mercury in the lake sediments. 
B)  weakens trees in the forests and kills seedlings. 
C)  increased agricultural yields. 
D)  damage to marble and limestone monuments. 
A)  leaching of aluminum from the soil into lakes which results in the formation of toxic methyl mercury from mercury in the lake sediments. 
B)  weakens trees in the forests and kills seedlings. 
C)  increased agricultural yields. 
D)  damage to marble and limestone monuments. C

Question 2

Human blood has a pH of about 7.4. This is

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral. 
B)  very acidic. 
C)  slightly acidic. 
D)  slightly basic. 
A)  neutral. 
B)  very acidic. 
C)  slightly acidic. 
D)  slightly basic. D

Question 3

The characteristic way in which atoms of an element react is most related to the

Accepted Answer

A)  number of electrons in the outermost shell. 
B)  number of electrons in the innermost shell. 
C)  number of neutrons in the nucleus. 
D)  size of the nucleus. 
A)  number of electrons in the outermost shell. 
B)  number of electrons in the innermost shell. 
C)  number of neutrons in the nucleus. 
D)  size of the nucleus. A

Question 4

A solution with a pH of 6 has ________ times _________ OH- than a solution with a pH of 10.

Accepted Answer

A)  40; more 
B)  4000; less 
C)  104; less 
D)  4; less 
E)  104 more 
A)  40; more 
B)  4000; less 
C)  104; less 
D)  4; less 
E)  104 more

Question 5

Which one is NOT one of the properties of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  the frozen form is more dense than the liquid form 
B)  the frozen form is less dense than the liquid form 
C)  water is a solvent 
D)  water has a high heat capacity 
E)  water has a high heat of evaporation 
A)  the frozen form is more dense than the liquid form 
B)  the frozen form is less dense than the liquid form 
C)  water is a solvent 
D)  water has a high heat capacity 
E)  water has a high heat of evaporation

Question 6

If an element contains 8 electrons how many electrons will be placed in the 2nd valence shell?

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  2 
C)  8 
D)  5 
E)  11 
A)  6 
B)  2 
C)  8 
D)  5 
E)  11

Question 7

Study the figures to determine which is liquid water and which is frozen water (ice). Explain your answer and predict if the water in Figure 2 would float or sink in the water in Figure 1.

Accepted Answer

Figure 1 is liquid water, while Figure 2

Question 8

The scale ranges from 1 to 15.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A solution with a pH of 7.0 has _______ times ________ H+ than a solution of pH 10.

Accepted Answer

A)  30; more 
B)  300; less 
C)  103; more 
D)  10-3; less 
E)  none of these are correct. 
A)  30; more 
B)  300; less 
C)  103; more 
D)  10-3; less 
E)  none of these are correct.

Question 10

Draw the structural formula of a single water molecule. Note the location of partial positive and negative charges. Label the covalent bonds.

Accepted Answer

Note the diagrams above. The c

Question 11

Which of the following would be a proposed mechanism by which stomach antacids work?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antacids dilute the solution, therefore lowering the pH. 
B)  Antacids are bases and by definition can absorb H+ out of a solution. 
C)  Antacids are bases and by definition can absorb OH- out of a solution. 
D)  Antacids contain mostly water and so they neutralize the solution. 
A)  Antacids dilute the solution, therefore lowering the pH. 
B)  Antacids are bases and by definition can absorb H+ out of a solution. 
C)  Antacids are bases and by definition can absorb OH- out of a solution. 
D)  Antacids contain mostly water and so they neutralize the solution.

Question 12

Draw three water molecules and the hydrogen bonding that may occur between the molecules. Define hydrogen bonding and explain how and why it occurs.

Accepted Answer

The hydrogen bonding is shown as dotted

Question 13

What is the maximum number of electrons that will be in the 1st valence shell?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  1 
C)  3 
D)  6 
E)  8 
A)  2 
B)  1 
C)  3 
D)  6 
E)  8

Question 14

Anything below pH 7 is acidic and above pH 7 is basic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which type of covalent bond is the strongest?

Accepted Answer

A)  single 
B)  double 
C)  triple 
D)  quadruple 
E)  all covalent bonds are equal in strength 
A)  single 
B)  double 
C)  triple 
D)  quadruple 
E)  all covalent bonds are equal in strength

Question 16

From the above table, it is apparent that

Accepted Answer

A)  triple bonds are stronger than double bonds; double bonds are stronger than single bonds. 
B)  triple bonds are weaker than double bonds; double bonds are weaker than single bonds. 
C)  carbon bonds are stronger than other bonds; hydrogen bonds are always weakest. 
D)  carbon forms only single bonds. 
A)  triple bonds are stronger than double bonds; double bonds are stronger than single bonds. 
B)  triple bonds are weaker than double bonds; double bonds are weaker than single bonds. 
C)  carbon bonds are stronger than other bonds; hydrogen bonds are always weakest. 
D)  carbon forms only single bonds.

Question 17

A change of one pH unit represents a ten-fold increase or decrease in hydroxyl ion concentration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which property of water allows it to act as a transport medium?

Accepted Answer

A)  cohesion 
B)  high heat of evaporation 
C)  high heat capacity 
D)  water is solvent 
E)  the frozen form is less dense than the liquid form 
A)  cohesion 
B)  high heat of evaporation 
C)  high heat capacity 
D)  water is solvent 
E)  the frozen form is less dense than the liquid form

Question 19

From the above table of radioisotopes and their properties, it is obvious that

Accepted Answer

A)  the longer the half-life, the more energy emitted by the particles. 
B)  the longer the half-life, the less energy emitted by the particles. 
C)  radioisotopes of the same element must emit the same amount of energy in their emissions and decay at the same rate. 
D)  adjusted for time, radioisotopes emit the same amount of energy in their emissions. 
E)  energy and half-life are not directly related. 
A)  the longer the half-life, the more energy emitted by the particles. 
B)  the longer the half-life, the less energy emitted by the particles. 
C)  radioisotopes of the same element must emit the same amount of energy in their emissions and decay at the same rate. 
D)  adjusted for time, radioisotopes emit the same amount of energy in their emissions. 
E)  energy and half-life are not directly related.

Question 20

Which term refers to the attraction to water molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrophilic 
B)  hydrophobic 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  photolysis 
E)  nitrophylic 
A)  hydrophilic 
B)  hydrophobic 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  photolysis 
E)  nitrophylic

Exam 2: Basic Chemistry

All of the following are examples of damage caused by acid deposition from rain EXCEPT

Human blood has a pH of about 7.4. This is

The characteristic way in which atoms of an element react is most related to the

A solution with a pH of 6 has ________ times _________ OH- than a solution with a pH of 10.

Which one is NOT one of the properties of water?

If an element contains 8 electrons how many electrons will be placed in the 2nd valence shell?

Study the figures to determine which is liquid water and which is frozen water (ice). Explain your answer and predict if the water in Figure 2 would float or sink in the water in Figure 1.

The scale ranges from 1 to 15.

A solution with a pH of 7.0 has _______ times ________ H+ than a solution of pH 10.

Draw the structural formula of a single water molecule. Note the location of partial positive and negative charges. Label the covalent bonds.

Which of the following would be a proposed mechanism by which stomach antacids work?

Draw three water molecules and the hydrogen bonding that may occur between the molecules. Define hydrogen bonding and explain how and why it occurs.

What is the maximum number of electrons that will be in the 1st valence shell?

Anything below pH 7 is acidic and above pH 7 is basic.

Which type of covalent bond is the strongest?

From the above table, it is apparent that

A change of one pH unit represents a ten-fold increase or decrease in hydroxyl ion concentration.

Which property of water allows it to act as a transport medium?

From the above table of radioisotopes and their properties, it is obvious that

Which term refers to the attraction to water molecules?

A View of Life

The Chemistry of Organic Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

Regulation of Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Darwin and Evolution

How Populations Evolve

Speciation and Macroevolution

Origin and History of Life

Taxonomy, Systematics, and Phylogeny

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protist Evolution and Diversity

Fungi Evolution and Diversity

Plant Evolution and Diversity

Flowering Plants: Structureand Organization

Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Flowering Plants: Control of Growth Responses

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Invertebrate Evolution

Vertebrate Evolution

Human Evolution

Animal Organization and Homeostasis

Circulation and Cardiovascular Systems

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Respiratory Systems

Body Fluid Regulation and Excretory Systems

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sense Organs

Locomotion and Support Systems

Hormones and Endocrine Systems

Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters

A solution with a pH of 6 has times _ OH^- than a solution with a pH of 10.

A solution with a pH of 7.0 has _ times __ H⁺ than a solution of pH 10.