Question 1

______ is when one species splits into two species or when one species transforms into another over time.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reproductive isolation 
B)  Convergent evolution 
C)  The founder effect 
D)  Speciation 
E)  Both reproductive isolation and speciation are correct. 
A)  Reproductive isolation 
B)  Convergent evolution 
C)  The founder effect 
D)  Speciation 
E)  Both reproductive isolation and speciation are correct. D

Question 2

Members of the ancestral salamander species live in northern California. As they migrate southward, populations are separated by the Central Valley. With limited contact between populations on the east and west of the valley, genetic differences accumulate. What type of speciation occurs under these conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  sympatric speciation 
B)  allopatric speciation 
C)  both sympatric and allopatric speciation 
D)  neither sympatric or allopatric 
A)  sympatric speciation 
B)  allopatric speciation 
C)  both sympatric and allopatric speciation 
D)  neither sympatric or allopatric B

Question 3

A cross between a male horse and a female donkey produces a mule. Mules are an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid infertility. 
B)  temporal isolation. 
C)  gametic isolation. 
D)  zygote mortality. 
A)  hybrid infertility. 
B)  temporal isolation. 
C)  gametic isolation. 
D)  zygote mortality. A

Question 4

Which of the following examples is best explained by the process of convergent evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  The wings of birds and butterflies being used for flight. 
B)  Both mice and rats having a tail. 
C)  Wolves and coyotes both producing milk for their young. 
D)  A human cell and a fruitfly cell both going through the process of transcription and translation in order to produce a gene. 
A)  The wings of birds and butterflies being used for flight. 
B)  Both mice and rats having a tail. 
C)  Wolves and coyotes both producing milk for their young. 
D)  A human cell and a fruitfly cell both going through the process of transcription and translation in order to produce a gene.

Question 5

A major advantage of the evolutionary species concept is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  relies primarily on reproductive isolation to identify species. 
B)  applies to both sexually and asexually reproducing species. 
C)  uses morphological traits to distinguish species. 
D)  is the same as the classic biological species concept. 
A)  relies primarily on reproductive isolation to identify species. 
B)  applies to both sexually and asexually reproducing species. 
C)  uses morphological traits to distinguish species. 
D)  is the same as the classic biological species concept.

Question 6

A _____ is the first cell that results when an egg is fertilized by a sperm.

Accepted Answer

A)  spermatogonium 
B)  gastrula 
C)  zygote 
D)  blastula 
A)  spermatogonium 
B)  gastrula 
C)  zygote 
D)  blastula

Question 7

If macroevolution was goal oriented then organisms would be perfect in form and not have any flaws.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The Acadian flycatcher, Willow flycatcher, and Least flycatcher are morphologically very similar, but live in different habitats and do not reproduce with one another. Is the biological or evolutionary species concept best represented in this example?

Accepted Answer

The biological species concept provides

Question 9

Diagnostic traits can be used to distinguish between species of living organisms only.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following would result in reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two populations of crickets are indistinguishable in physical features, but the females in each group only come to the different songs of their males. 
B)  Fruit flies on one Hawaiian island live for hundreds of generations and do not come in contact with fruit flies on another island except when blown there by rare tropical storms. 
C)  One brood of the seventeen-year cicada emerged in 1987 (and will do so every 17 years) and lives a few months as adults; another brood emerged in 1992 (and will do so every 17 years); the larvae of both feed side-by-side on tree roots. 
D)  A lion and a tiger mate in the artificial confines of a zoo but the offspring is infertile. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  Two populations of crickets are indistinguishable in physical features, but the females in each group only come to the different songs of their males. 
B)  Fruit flies on one Hawaiian island live for hundreds of generations and do not come in contact with fruit flies on another island except when blown there by rare tropical storms. 
C)  One brood of the seventeen-year cicada emerged in 1987 (and will do so every 17 years) and lives a few months as adults; another brood emerged in 1992 (and will do so every 17 years); the larvae of both feed side-by-side on tree roots. 
D)  A lion and a tiger mate in the artificial confines of a zoo but the offspring is infertile. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 11

Several species of Caribbean Anoline lizards have evolved from a single ancestral species. The species occupy a wide variety of ecological niches, such as tree trunks and the ground, or tree trunks only, or tree trunks and the crown of trees, etc. This type of allopatric speciation is called

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive radiation. 
B)  alloploidy. 
C)  autoploidy. 
D)  hybridization. 
A)  adaptive radiation. 
B)  alloploidy. 
C)  autoploidy. 
D)  hybridization.

Question 12

Once members of a species are geographically isolated, what factors may cause them to differ from each other over time?

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection 
B)  genetic drift 
C)  new mutations 
D)  sexual selection 
E)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  natural selection 
B)  genetic drift 
C)  new mutations 
D)  sexual selection 
E)  All of the above are correct.

Question 13

Plant species A has a diploid number of 28 chromosomes, while Plant species B has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Species A and B produce a hybrid through alloploidy. The diploid number of chromosomes of the hybrid is

Accepted Answer

A)  28. 
B)  14. 
C)  42. 
D)  21. 
A)  28. 
B)  14. 
C)  42. 
D)  21.

Question 14

________ prevent hybrid offspring from developing or if the hybrid is born, it is infertile.

Accepted Answer

A)  Prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms 
B)  Temporal isolation mechanisms 
C)  Postzygotic isolating mechanisms 
D)  Two of these are correct. 
E)  None of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  Prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms 
B)  Temporal isolation mechanisms 
C)  Postzygotic isolating mechanisms 
D)  Two of these are correct. 
E)  None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 15

All of the following statements concerning the evolutionary species concept are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  an abrupt change in the diagnostic traits of fossils is indicative of the evolution of a new species. 
B)  fossils are considered to be members of the same species if they possess the same diagnostic traits. 
C)  certain structural traits, called diagnostic traits, are used to distinguish one species from another. 
D)  members of a species may actually have quite dissimilar evolutionary pathways. 
A)  an abrupt change in the diagnostic traits of fossils is indicative of the evolution of a new species. 
B)  fossils are considered to be members of the same species if they possess the same diagnostic traits. 
C)  certain structural traits, called diagnostic traits, are used to distinguish one species from another. 
D)  members of a species may actually have quite dissimilar evolutionary pathways.

Question 16

Evolutionary change above the species level is referred to as __________, whereas evolutionary changes below the species level is known as _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent; divergent 
B)  macroevolution; microevolution 
C)  microevolution; macroevolution 
D)  punctuated; gradualistic 
A)  convergent; divergent 
B)  macroevolution; microevolution 
C)  microevolution; macroevolution 
D)  punctuated; gradualistic

Question 17

Female Anolis distinguish males of their species by the color of their dewlap, a colorful flap of skin in the neck region preventing them from mating with males of different species. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a postzygotic isolating mechanism. 
B)  a prezygotic isolating mechanism. 
C)  temporal isolation. 
D)  hybrid inviability. 
A)  a postzygotic isolating mechanism. 
B)  a prezygotic isolating mechanism. 
C)  temporal isolation. 
D)  hybrid inviability.

Question 18

Explain the key differences between gradualistic equilibrium and punctuated equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

Gradualistic equilibrium is when new spe

Question 19

Compare the key differences between microevolution and macroevolution.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary but should include the

Question 20

Reproductive isolation

Accepted Answer

A)  means there is no gene flow between two groups of organisms (species). 
B)  is necessary for species to remain separate. 
C)  is maintained by certain prezygotic and postzygotic barriers. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  means there is no gene flow between two groups of organisms (species). 
B)  is necessary for species to remain separate. 
C)  is maintained by certain prezygotic and postzygotic barriers. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Exam 17: Speciation and Macroevolution

______ is when one species splits into two species or when one species transforms into another over time.

A cross between a male horse and a female donkey produces a mule. Mules are an example of

Which of the following examples is best explained by the process of convergent evolution?

A major advantage of the evolutionary species concept is that it

A _____ is the first cell that results when an egg is fertilized by a sperm.

If macroevolution was goal oriented then organisms would be perfect in form and not have any flaws.

The Acadian flycatcher, Willow flycatcher, and Least flycatcher are morphologically very similar, but live in different habitats and do not reproduce with one another. Is the biological or evolutionary species concept best represented in this example?

Diagnostic traits can be used to distinguish between species of living organisms only.

Which of the following would result in reproductive isolation?

Several species of Caribbean Anoline lizards have evolved from a single ancestral species. The species occupy a wide variety of ecological niches, such as tree trunks and the ground, or tree trunks only, or tree trunks and the crown of trees, etc. This type of allopatric speciation is called

Once members of a species are geographically isolated, what factors may cause them to differ from each other over time?

Plant species A has a diploid number of 28 chromosomes, while Plant species B has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Species A and B produce a hybrid through alloploidy. The diploid number of chromosomes of the hybrid is

________ prevent hybrid offspring from developing or if the hybrid is born, it is infertile.

All of the following statements concerning the evolutionary species concept are true EXCEPT

Evolutionary change above the species level is referred to as __________, whereas evolutionary changes below the species level is known as _____________.

Female Anolis distinguish males of their species by the color of their dewlap, a colorful flap of skin in the neck region preventing them from mating with males of different species. This is an example of

Explain the key differences between gradualistic equilibrium and punctuated equilibrium.

Compare the key differences between microevolution and macroevolution.

Reproductive isolation

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