Question 1

According to the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction,

Accepted Answer

A)  actin binds ATP and breaks it apart as actin pulls against myosin. 
B)  calcium ions are released from myosin as the filaments slide by. 
C)  the thick and thin filaments do not change length during this process. 
D)  an accordion-like pleat is formed as the myosin and actin interact. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  actin binds ATP and breaks it apart as actin pulls against myosin. 
B)  calcium ions are released from myosin as the filaments slide by. 
C)  the thick and thin filaments do not change length during this process. 
D)  an accordion-like pleat is formed as the myosin and actin interact. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 2

If calcium is not present in the muscle cell what complications can occur in regards to muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tropomyosin will not be pulled away from the myosin binding sites. 
B)  Myosin heads will not bind to the actin filament. 
C)  The power stroke will not be produced preventing the actin filament from moving. 
D)  All of these are complications resulting from a lack of calcium. 
A)  Tropomyosin will not be pulled away from the myosin binding sites. 
B)  Myosin heads will not bind to the actin filament. 
C)  The power stroke will not be produced preventing the actin filament from moving. 
D)  All of these are complications resulting from a lack of calcium.

Question 3

Which of the following associations of term and description is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  actin - thin filament 
B)  myosin - thick filament 
C)  sarcomere - the entire muscle cell or muscle fiber 
D)  sarcolemma - extensive plasma membrane 
A)  actin - thin filament 
B)  myosin - thick filament 
C)  sarcomere - the entire muscle cell or muscle fiber 
D)  sarcolemma - extensive plasma membrane

Question 4

Which of the following bones is (are) NOT part of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribs 
B)  skull 
C)  sternum 
D)  scapula 
E)  vertebrae 
A)  ribs 
B)  skull 
C)  sternum 
D)  scapula 
E)  vertebrae

Question 5

Calcium ions bind to

Accepted Answer

A)  tropomyosin. 
B)  troponin. 
C)  actin. 
D)  myosin. 
E)  cross bridges. 
A)  tropomyosin. 
B)  troponin. 
C)  actin. 
D)  myosin. 
E)  cross bridges.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the skeleton of a clam is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The skeleton of a clam has two separate shells. 
B)  The skeleton of a clam grows with the organism. 
C)  The skeleton of a clam is made of calcium carbonate. 
D)  The skeleton of a clam is used mainly to allow movement of the organism. 
E)  The skeleton of a clam has muscles attached to it from the inside of the body. 
A)  The skeleton of a clam has two separate shells. 
B)  The skeleton of a clam grows with the organism. 
C)  The skeleton of a clam is made of calcium carbonate. 
D)  The skeleton of a clam is used mainly to allow movement of the organism. 
E)  The skeleton of a clam has muscles attached to it from the inside of the body.

Question 7

Which of the following lists the correct order of vertebral regions from superior to inferior?

Accepted Answer

A)  thoracic-lumbar-sacrum-cervical-coccyx 
B)  cervical-lumbar-sacrum-thoracic-coccyx 
C)  cervical-thoracic-lumbar-sacrum-coccyx 
D)  lumbar-sacrum-cervical-thoracic-coccyx 
E)  sacrum-cervical-thoracic-lumbar-coccyx 
A)  thoracic-lumbar-sacrum-cervical-coccyx 
B)  cervical-lumbar-sacrum-thoracic-coccyx 
C)  cervical-thoracic-lumbar-sacrum-coccyx 
D)  lumbar-sacrum-cervical-thoracic-coccyx 
E)  sacrum-cervical-thoracic-lumbar-coccyx

Question 8

What are the correct steps of muscle contraction starting with ACh?
A. ACh diffuses across the synaptic cleft
B. The sarcolemma generates an impulse that moves down the T tubules into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
C. ACh binds to receptors in the sarcolemma
D. The sarcomere contraction produces a myofibril contraction
E. Calcium is released causing the sarcomere contraction

Accepted Answer

A)  a - c - b - e - d 
B)  a - b - c -e - d 
C)  d - a - b - e - c 
D)  c - e - d - a - b 
A)  a - c - b - e - d 
B)  a - b - c -e - d 
C)  d - a - b - e - c 
D)  c - e - d - a - b

Question 9

Which one of the following structures is NOT a part of the appendicular skeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribs 
B)  fibula 
C)  humerus 
D)  coxal 
E)  radius 
A)  ribs 
B)  fibula 
C)  humerus 
D)  coxal 
E)  radius

Question 10

Which muscle list of structures is correctly organized from large to small?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle, muscle cell, myofibril, sarcomeres, filaments 
B)  muscle, muscle fibers, sarcomeres, filaments, myofibrils 
C)  muscle, sarcolemma, myofibrils, actin filaments, myosin filaments 
D)  muscle cells, myofibrils, filaments, sarcoplasm 
A)  muscle, muscle cell, myofibril, sarcomeres, filaments 
B)  muscle, muscle fibers, sarcomeres, filaments, myofibrils 
C)  muscle, sarcolemma, myofibrils, actin filaments, myosin filaments 
D)  muscle cells, myofibrils, filaments, sarcoplasm

Question 11

The pectoral girdle is adapted for great strength, whereas the pelvic girdle is more adapted for flexibility.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which mammalian skeleton provides an advantage in an aquatic environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  A streamlined torpedo-shaped skeleton. 
B)  A skeleton that has elongated legs and large flippers. 
C)  A skeleton that allows for walking on the tips of their toes across the bottom of the ocean. 
D)  All of the answer choices provide an advantage in an aquatic environment. 
E)  None of the answer choices provide an advantage in an aquatic environment. 
A)  A streamlined torpedo-shaped skeleton. 
B)  A skeleton that has elongated legs and large flippers. 
C)  A skeleton that allows for walking on the tips of their toes across the bottom of the ocean. 
D)  All of the answer choices provide an advantage in an aquatic environment. 
E)  None of the answer choices provide an advantage in an aquatic environment.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about skeletons is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The skeleton of a vertebrate is an endoskeleton. 
B)  The skeleton of an arthropod is an exoskeleton. 
C)  The skeleton of a clam is an exoskeleton. 
D)  All exoskeletons must be shed as the animal grows. 
E)  An earthworm has a fluid-filled cavity that acts as a hydrostatic skeleton. 
A)  The skeleton of a vertebrate is an endoskeleton. 
B)  The skeleton of an arthropod is an exoskeleton. 
C)  The skeleton of a clam is an exoskeleton. 
D)  All exoskeletons must be shed as the animal grows. 
E)  An earthworm has a fluid-filled cavity that acts as a hydrostatic skeleton.

Question 14

The alternation of circular muscle contraction and longitudinal muscle contraction allows the earthworm to move forward. What type of support system aids locomotion in the earthworm?

Accepted Answer

A)  an exoskeleton 
B)  an endoskeleton 
C)  a calcium carbonate shell 
D)  a hydrostatic skeleton 
A)  an exoskeleton 
B)  an endoskeleton 
C)  a calcium carbonate shell 
D)  a hydrostatic skeleton

Question 15

Which of these molecules acts as an ATPase, breaking down ATP to perform its function in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  actin 
B)  myosin 
C)  tropomyosin 
D)  troponin 
E)  calcium 
A)  actin 
B)  myosin 
C)  tropomyosin 
D)  troponin 
E)  calcium

Question 16

Which of the following organisms lack a hydrostatic skeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  cicada 
B)  planarian 
C)  hydra 
D)  earthworms 
E)  roundworms 
A)  cicada 
B)  planarian 
C)  hydra 
D)  earthworms 
E)  roundworms

Question 17

The system of flexing and extending muscles makes movement of appendages easy to understand. But how are some actions possible (sticking out your tongue, beating of your heart) when these structures have no bone structure with opposing flexors and extensors in them?

Accepted Answer

A)  One set of muscle cells must therefore be able to both contract and expand. 
B)  These structures must be empty chambers, and fluids forced into them expand them. 
C)  Since muscle cells can only contract and relax, muscle cells running diagonally or crosswise amidst the longitudinal muscles must contract and force the long relaxed muscle cells to elongate. 
D)  This cannot be explained at present. 
A)  One set of muscle cells must therefore be able to both contract and expand. 
B)  These structures must be empty chambers, and fluids forced into them expand them. 
C)  Since muscle cells can only contract and relax, muscle cells running diagonally or crosswise amidst the longitudinal muscles must contract and force the long relaxed muscle cells to elongate. 
D)  This cannot be explained at present.

Question 18

_____ are bone-absorbing cells and _____ are bone forming cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  Menisci; osteroclasts 
B)  Chondrocytes; lymphocytes 
C)  Osteoclasts; osteoblasts 
D)  Eosinophils; red blood cells 
E)  Osteocytes; osteons 
A)  Menisci; osteroclasts 
B)  Chondrocytes; lymphocytes 
C)  Osteoclasts; osteoblasts 
D)  Eosinophils; red blood cells 
E)  Osteocytes; osteons

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the development of bone in humans is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bone breakdown and replacement occur throughout life. 
B)  A primary ossification center forms in the middle of a long bone. 
C)  A secondary ossification center forms at the end of a long bone. 
D)  Bones may form within a cartilage model or within a membrane matrix. 
E)  A cartilaginous disk remains between the primary and secondary ossification centers until old age. 
A)  Bone breakdown and replacement occur throughout life. 
B)  A primary ossification center forms in the middle of a long bone. 
C)  A secondary ossification center forms at the end of a long bone. 
D)  Bones may form within a cartilage model or within a membrane matrix. 
E)  A cartilaginous disk remains between the primary and secondary ossification centers until old age.

Question 20

Which of the following is not an advantage of having an endoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  The skeleton grows with the animal. 
B)  Endoskeletons can support the weight of a large animal. 
C)  Endoskeleton provides protection to the internal organs. 
D)  Endoskeletons allow for more flexibility. 
E)  It provides protection for the outermost tissue layer of the organism. 
A)  The skeleton grows with the animal. 
B)  Endoskeletons can support the weight of a large animal. 
C)  Endoskeleton provides protection to the internal organs. 
D)  Endoskeletons allow for more flexibility. 
E)  It provides protection for the outermost tissue layer of the organism.

Exam 39: Locomotion and Support Systems

According to the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction,

If calcium is not present in the muscle cell what complications can occur in regards to muscle contraction?

Which of the following associations of term and description is NOT correct?

Which of the following bones is (are) NOT part of the axial skeleton?

Calcium ions bind to

Which of the following statements about the skeleton of a clam is NOT true?

Which of the following lists the correct order of vertebral regions from superior to inferior?

Which one of the following structures is NOT a part of the appendicular skeleton?

Which muscle list of structures is correctly organized from large to small?

The pectoral girdle is adapted for great strength, whereas the pelvic girdle is more adapted for flexibility.

Which mammalian skeleton provides an advantage in an aquatic environment?

Which of the following statements about skeletons is NOT true?

The alternation of circular muscle contraction and longitudinal muscle contraction allows the earthworm to move forward. What type of support system aids locomotion in the earthworm?

Which of these molecules acts as an ATPase, breaking down ATP to perform its function in muscle contraction?

Which of the following organisms lack a hydrostatic skeleton?

The system of flexing and extending muscles makes movement of appendages easy to understand. But how are some actions possible (sticking out your tongue, beating of your heart) when these structures have no bone structure with opposing flexors and extensors in them?

_____ are bone-absorbing cells and _____ are bone forming cells.

Which of the following statements about the development of bone in humans is NOT true?

Which of the following is not an advantage of having an endoskeleton?

A View of Life

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_ are bone-absorbing cells and _ are bone forming cells.