Exam 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Most types of communication between cells utilise ________.

The use of brown fat to generate metabolic heat is mostly limited to small mammals. What is the basis of this adaptation?

Penguins, seals, and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming, because ________.

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has

Which principle of heat exchange is the most important explanation for why birds look larger in colder weather because they fluff their feathers?

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

What is the name of the epithelial cell surface that faces the outside of an organ?

The metabolic breakdown of specialised brown fat deposits in certain animals is substantially increased during ________.

The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed as ________.

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has ________.

Muscle cells are organised to perform specific types of contractions within a tissue. Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth muscle?

In mammals, GH (growth hormone) is an endocrine signal that stimulates repair and growth of various tissues. Which of the following would be required for a tissue to respond to growth hormone?

Which organ system is responsible for protection against injury, infection, and dehydration?

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by ________.

As animals have evolved large body size, they have also evolved adaptations to improve exchange of energy and materials with the environment. For example, in many larger organisms, evolution has favoured lungs and a digestive tract with ________.

There are advantages and disadvantages to adaptations. Animals that are endothermic are likely to be at the greatest disadvantage in ________.

The migratory eel, Anguilla rostrata, is born and lives the juvenile (immature) part of its life in a freshwater environment, but then migrates thousands of miles through the ocean as an adult in order to breed. These eels are known to regulate their internal water and salt balance. What adaptations would you expect this eel to have in order to transition from fresh water to salt water at these two life stages?

All animals, whether large or small, have ________.

Which of the following animals most likely uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?

Some animals have no gills when young, but then develop gills that grow larger as the animal grows larger. What is the reason for this increase in gill size?