Exam 32: An Overview of Animal Diversity

What do animals ranging from corals to monkeys have in common?

A student encounters an animal embryo at the eight-cell stage. The four smaller cells that comprise 1 hemisphere of the embryo seem to be rotated 45° and to lie in the grooves between larger, underlying cells. If we were to separate these eight cells and attempt to culture them individually, then what is most likely to happen?

As you are on the way to Tahiti for a vacation, your aeroplane crash lands on a previously undiscovered island. You soon find that the island is teeming with unfamiliar organisms, and you, as a student of biology, decide to survey them (with the aid of the Insta-Lab Portable Laboratory you brought along in your suitcase). You select four organisms and observe them in detail, making the notations found in the figure. -Which organism would you classify as an animal?

The protostome developmental sequence arose just once in evolutionary history, resulting in two main subgroups-Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa. What does this finding suggest?

A student encounters an animal embryo at the eight-cell stage. The four smaller cells that comprise 1 hemisphere of the embryo seem to be rotated 45° and to lie in the grooves between larger, underlying cells. This embryo may potentially develop into a(n) ________.

-Which morphological trait evolved more than once in animals, according to the phylogeny based on DNA sequence data found in the figure?

One hypothesis suggests that the Cambrian explosion was caused by the rise of predator-prey relationships. This hypothesis is best supported by an increased incidence of which of the following fossil traces?

One of the characteristics unique to animals is

Cadherin proteins help animal cells stick (adhere) to each other. Choose which statement about cadherin in cancer cells that are metastasising (spreading) throughout a patient's body is most likely correct.

When a scientist describes the "body plan" of a phylum, he or she is implying that ________.

A researcher is trying to construct a molecular-based phylogeny of the entire animal kingdom. Assuming that none of the following genes are absolutely conserved, which of the following would be the best choice on which to base the phylogeny?

Arthropods invaded land about 100 million years before vertebrates. This fact most clearly implies that ________.

Soon after the coelom begins to form, a researcher injects a dye into the coelom of a deuterostome embryo. Initially, the dye should be able to flow directly into the ________.

Which tissue type or organ is not correctly matched with its germ layer tissue?

Why might researchers choose to use molecular data (such as ribosomal RNA sequences) rather than morphological data to study the evolutionary history of animals?

Which of the following is (are) unique to animals?

- Which of the following pairs of animals show that animals with widely different adult features can be each other's closest relatives?

Proposed Number of Hox Genes in Various Extant and Extinct Animals Last Common Ancestor af Bilateria Last Common Ancestor of Insects and Vertebrates Ancestral Vertebrates Mammals 4 7 14 3840 What conclusion can best be drawn from the data in the table?

The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a ________.

Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that most animals derive their nutrition by ________.