Exam 21: Adulthood: Cognitive Development

_____ studies of IQ in many nations have confirmed that younger adults outscore older adults.

According to Robert Sternberg, a college student who does well on multiple-choice and essay exams likely is high in _____ intelligence.

According to cross-cultural research, which of Howard Gardner's nine intelligences are valued in the United States? How do we know this? Provide three types of intelligence that may be valued in another culture.

Research on taxi drivers in London indicates that drivers with more experience _____.

Abstract thinking and speed of thinking are some of the mental abilities that make up fluid intelligence.

Define selective optimization with compensation, and explain how this theory relates to intelligence during adulthood. Give two examples of selective optimization with compensation.

With which coping style do people try to attack a stressor in some way?

Nancy needs to have surgery, and she wants to make sure that the surgeon she chooses is the most skilled. According to the text, which question should Nancy ask potential surgeons?

Efforts to find specific genes or abilities that compose what Charles Spearman calls "_____" have not succeeded.

Expert thought is _____, automatic, strategic, and flexible.

In any field or endeavor, strategy may be the difference between a novice and a(n) _____.

When confronted with stress, men tend to react in a(n) "_____" manner.

Which of the following individuals will likely find multitasking to be especially challenging?

The accumulation of facts and information that comes with experience and education is called "_____ intelligence."

Who is more likely to have the greatest number of strategies?

Expert chess players engage in _____ when they view the board as a whole rather than a configuration of game pieces.

The process of turning to faith as a method of coping with stress is referred to as "_____ coping."

What idea does Earl Hunt propose with respect to cognitive artifacts and their influence on the intelligence of an entire nation?

Paul and Margret Baltes have found that adults use their intellectual strengths to offset their age-related declining abilities through the process of "_____."

Raz, age 57, lives a very stressful life. She works more than 60 hours a week with few benefits. Her mother was recently diagnosed with cancer, and she and her husband are on the brink of divorce. When stressors like these overwhelm, adults are likely to _____.