Exam 6: The First Two Years: Cognitive Development

The fact that variations in a child's vocabulary size correlate with the amount of language that child has heard underlies the _____ theory of language learning.

Andrew uses incorrect word forms such as "ain't" and incorrect grammar such as "I don't got none." What would B. F. Skinner say was the source of Andrew's poor language development? ____

In Piaget's terminology, sensorimotor stage two is described as _____.

Tony is 8 months old, and he settles down quickly and listens raptly while his mom sings "The Itsy Bitsy Spider." What factor best account for Tony's interest in this nursery rhyme?

Jaqueline is the mother of 10-month-old Nev. She has heard that programs like Baby Einstein help advance cognitive development in infants and toddlers. Jacqueline has also downloaded several learning apps for her iPad. According to research on infant exposure to screen time, would you advise Jaqueline to buy Baby Einstein and have Nev interact with the learning apps? Why or why not? Give at least two reasons to support your answer.

The process of becoming accustomed to an object or event through repeated exposure to it, and thus becoming less interested in it, is called "______."

Habituation research has revealed that babies are more advanced than Piaget believed.

The first two stages of sensorimotor intelligence are called "_____ circular reactions."

Veronica is a speech and language therapist. When conducting an assessment on a child with speech or language concerns, she first records the average number of words in the child's typical sentence. She also uses this technique to monitor a child's language progress over time. Veronica is relying on _____.

By 10 months of age, Alan has a vocabulary of a dozen words. B. F. Skinner would have attributed Alan's rapid speech development mainly to _____.

Newborns prefer _____.

According to Piaget, a child in stage five of sensorimotor development is like a _____.

Compared to ordinary speech, child-directed speech has a _____ pitch.

One of the first acquired adaptations is an accommodation of reflexes-for example, the reflexes involved in sucking a pacifier.

Describe the five stages of spoken language development from the first to second birthday.

Javier's mother is a native Spanish speaker, and his father is a native English speaker. He hears both languages equally often and is addressed in Spanish by his mother and in English by his father. If Javier is a typical toddler, how will his language skills be affected by this early experience?

_____ is the understanding that objects continue to exist when they cannot be seen.

Susan is a 21-month-old who has just begun to make two-word sentences. Her sentences already reveal the grammar of her native language, as she orders her nouns and verbs in the order that mature speakers of her language use. Chomsky would attribute Susan's quick acquisition of grammatical rules to her _____.

In which of Piaget's sensorimotor stages do infants adapt, anticipate, and become more deliberate in responding to people and objects?

According to the social-pragmatic theory, infants communicate because _____.