Question 1

On average, 90% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

A chemoautotroph obtains its energy from all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia. 
B)  oxygen. 
C)  sulfides. 
D)  nitrites. 
E)  inorganic compounds. 
A)  ammonia. 
B)  oxygen. 
C)  sulfides. 
D)  nitrites. 
E)  inorganic compounds.

Question 3

The physical space that an organism occupies in its environment is its

Accepted Answer

A)  habitat. 
B)  niche. 
C)  biotic factor. 
D)  role. 
E)  abiotic factor. 
A)  habitat. 
B)  niche. 
C)  biotic factor. 
D)  role. 
E)  abiotic factor.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of the competitive exclusion principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  two different species occupying the same ecological niche 
B)  two species competing for food and territory 
C)  competition of mates between two different species 
D)  two species sharing the same habitat 
E)  one species outcompeting another species in a particular niche 
A)  two different species occupying the same ecological niche 
B)  two species competing for food and territory 
C)  competition of mates between two different species 
D)  two species sharing the same habitat 
E)  one species outcompeting another species in a particular niche

Question 5

If there is 2,000 kg of caterpillars, how much of this biomass will be converted into top carnivore tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  20,000 kg 
B)  2,000 kg 
C)  200 kg 
D)  20 kg 
E)  2 kg 
A)  20,000 kg 
B)  2,000 kg 
C)  200 kg 
D)  20 kg 
E)  2 kg

Question 6

Which of the following is not an example of an animal's niche?

Accepted Answer

A)  a small bird living in the dense shrubs at the base of a tree 
B)  two male lizards fighting over access to a female 
C)  a grasshopper feeding on leaves 
D)  an oystercatcher eating bivalves 
E)  lions and hyenas fighting over access to a zebra carcass 
A)  a small bird living in the dense shrubs at the base of a tree 
B)  two male lizards fighting over access to a female 
C)  a grasshopper feeding on leaves 
D)  an oystercatcher eating bivalves 
E)  lions and hyenas fighting over access to a zebra carcass

Question 7

Which of the following terrestrial ecosystems has the highest rate of primary productivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  marsh 
B)  tropical rainforest 
C)  temperate rainforest 
D)  prairie 
E)  tundra 
A)  marsh 
B)  tropical rainforest 
C)  temperate rainforest 
D)  prairie 
E)  tundra

Question 8

Based on the figure shown here, which organism is not a primary consumer?

Accepted Answer

A)  rabbit 
B)  deer 
C)  mouse 
D)  chipmunk 
E)  fisher 
A)  rabbit 
B)  deer 
C)  mouse 
D)  chipmunk 
E)  fisher

Question 9

Which of the following has the slowest phosphate transfer rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  runoff 
B)  decomposition of plants and animals 
C)  mining 
D)  weathering of rocks 
E)  fertilizers 
A)  runoff 
B)  decomposition of plants and animals 
C)  mining 
D)  weathering of rocks 
E)  fertilizers

Question 10

In aquatic ecosystems, primary productivity is most dependent on

Accepted Answer

A)  organic nutrients. 
B)  species richness and diversity. 
C)  the type of soil. 
D)  the rate of photosynthesis. 
E)  inorganic nutrients. 
A)  organic nutrients. 
B)  species richness and diversity. 
C)  the type of soil. 
D)  the rate of photosynthesis. 
E)  inorganic nutrients.

Question 11

In an aquatic ecosystem, the aquatic plants are eaten by small invertebrates that in turn are eaten by crayfish, which are eaten by fish, which are then eaten by ducks. In this system, the greatest amount of biomass would be found in the

Accepted Answer

A)  aquatic plants. 
B)  small invertebrates. 
C)  crayfish. 
D)  fish. 
E)  ducks. 
A)  aquatic plants. 
B)  small invertebrates. 
C)  crayfish. 
D)  fish. 
E)  ducks.

Question 12

Biomes are defined by

Accepted Answer

A)  their size. 
B)  types of animals. 
C)  communities. 
D)  temperature and rainfall. 
E)  plants, animals, and inorganic matter. 
A)  their size. 
B)  types of animals. 
C)  communities. 
D)  temperature and rainfall. 
E)  plants, animals, and inorganic matter.

Question 13

Which of the following communities is the least diverse?

Accepted Answer

A)  15 lions, 100 zebras, 80 giraffes 
B)  50 squirrels, 75 oak trees, 60 maple trees 
C)  4 crab spiders, 76 goldenrod, 60 echinacea 
D)  40 bass, 60 minnow, 55 blue gill 
E)  5 elm trees, 7 beech trees, 6 birch trees 
A)  15 lions, 100 zebras, 80 giraffes 
B)  50 squirrels, 75 oak trees, 60 maple trees 
C)  4 crab spiders, 76 goldenrod, 60 echinacea 
D)  40 bass, 60 minnow, 55 blue gill 
E)  5 elm trees, 7 beech trees, 6 birch trees

Question 14

The most inclusive level of biological organization is

Accepted Answer

A)  ecosystems. 
B)  biomes. 
C)  the biosphere. 
D)  communities. 
E)  ecotypes. 
A)  ecosystems. 
B)  biomes. 
C)  the biosphere. 
D)  communities. 
E)  ecotypes.

Question 15

Among American warblers, several different species often live in the same spruce trees and eat caterpillars. However, each species reproduces at a slightly different time of year and each species also forages at different areas within the tree canopy. These differences in foraging behaviors and reproduction is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  competitive exclusion. 
B)  character displacement. 
C)  resource partitioning. 
D)  mutualism. 
E)  competitive inclusion. 
A)  competitive exclusion. 
B)  character displacement. 
C)  resource partitioning. 
D)  mutualism. 
E)  competitive inclusion.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a sedimentary cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  the phosphorus cycle 
B)  the nitrogen cycle 
C)  the carbon cycle 
D)  the atmospheric cycle 
E)  eutrophic cycle 
A)  the phosphorus cycle 
B)  the nitrogen cycle 
C)  the carbon cycle 
D)  the atmospheric cycle 
E)  eutrophic cycle

Question 17

All of the following are reservoirs except

Accepted Answer

A)  oil. 
B)  calcium carbonate. 
C)  coal. 
D)  natural gas. 
E)  bicarbonate. 
A)  oil. 
B)  calcium carbonate. 
C)  coal. 
D)  natural gas. 
E)  bicarbonate.

Question 18

Which of the following boxes indicates the process of nitrification?

Accepted Answer

A)  Box A 
B)  Box B 
C)  Box C 
D)  Box D 
E)  Box E 
A)  Box A 
B)  Box B 
C)  Box C 
D)  Box D 
E)  Box E

Question 19

Which of the following is not true about species diversity?

Accepted Answer

A)  It includes species richness. 
B)  It includes species age distribution. 
C)  It is influenced by the relative abundance of species. 
D)  It is influenced by the distribution of the different species. 
E)  It is not impacted by species richness. 
A)  It includes species richness. 
B)  It includes species age distribution. 
C)  It is influenced by the relative abundance of species. 
D)  It is influenced by the distribution of the different species. 
E)  It is not impacted by species richness.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of species richness?

Accepted Answer

A)  vultures feeding on the remains of a carcass 
B)  herd of 60 elk, 6 bald eagles, and 90 white pine trees 
C)  prairie chickens at a lake competing for access to mates 
D)  diving beetles, blue gill, lilies, water mites, crayfish 
E)  100 kg of vegetation, 10 kg of grasshoppers, 1 kg of spiders 
A)  vultures feeding on the remains of a carcass 
B)  herd of 60 elk, 6 bald eagles, and 90 white pine trees 
C)  prairie chickens at a lake competing for access to mates 
D)  diving beetles, blue gill, lilies, water mites, crayfish 
E)  100 kg of vegetation, 10 kg of grasshoppers, 1 kg of spiders

Exam 31: Communities and Ecosystems

On average, 90% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next.

A chemoautotroph obtains its energy from all of the following except

The physical space that an organism occupies in its environment is its

Which of the following is an example of the competitive exclusion principle?

If there is 2,000 kg of caterpillars, how much of this biomass will be converted into top carnivore tissue?

Which of the following is not an example of an animal's niche?

Which of the following terrestrial ecosystems has the highest rate of primary productivity?

Based on the figure shown here, which organism is not a primary consumer?

Which of the following has the slowest phosphate transfer rate?

In aquatic ecosystems, primary productivity is most dependent on

In an aquatic ecosystem, the aquatic plants are eaten by small invertebrates that in turn are eaten by crayfish, which are eaten by fish, which are then eaten by ducks. In this system, the greatest amount of biomass would be found in the

Biomes are defined by

Which of the following communities is the least diverse?

The most inclusive level of biological organization is

Which of the following is an example of a sedimentary cycle?

All of the following are reservoirs except

Which of the following boxes indicates the process of nitrification?

Which of the following is not true about species diversity?

Which of the following is an example of species richness?

A View of Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Organic Molecules of Life

Inside the Cell

The Dynamic Cell

Energy for Life

Energy for Cells

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and the Genetic Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA Biology and Technology

Biotechnology and Genomics

Genetic Counseling

Darwin and Evolution

Evolution on a Small Scale

Evolution on a Large Scale

The Microorganisms: Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists

The Plants and Fungi

The Animals

Plant Anatomy and Growth

Plant Responses and Reproduction

Being Organized and Steady

The Transport Systems

The Maintenance Systems

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Defenses Against Disease

The Control Systems

Sensory Input and Motor Output

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Ecology of Populations

Human Impact on the Biosphere

Filters