Exam 1: The Beginning: the Science of Human Development

Name and describe each of the five levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs in order.

Dr. Whitmore is curious to know more about how children develop over time. To gain an understanding of this subject not based on opinion or personal bias, Dr. Whitmore should _____.

Behaviorism has also been referred to as _____.

According to Piaget, interpreting new experiences to fit into old ideas is called _____.

A cognitive theory that involves attention to perceptual and neurological processes is called _____.

Operant conditioning is also referred to as _____.

As children age, they tend to sleep fewer hours. This relationship is an example of a ____ correlation.

If a researcher finds that there is a correlation between secondhand smoke and children's asthma, he knows for SURE that _____.

The second step in the scientific method involves _____.

Social learning theory indicates that learning occurs from _____.

Within Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems approach, he called the historical context that affects other systems the _____.

In scientific research, collecting additional evidence by studying a different population than that used in the original project is known as _____.

In longitudinal research, the same people are measured at multiple assessment points over a period of time.

Jenny learned to play the piano as a child and played very well until she was in late adolescence, when she stopped playing. In her 40s, she decided to play the piano again. She quickly realized that she had lost most of her ability to play after decades of not playing, so she took lessons. After several years of lessons she once again plays the piano very well. This example illustrates the multi-directional nature of development.

Piaget's first stage of cognitive development is the sensorimotor stage.

What is a dependent variable?

Freud's theory of psychosexual development and Erikson's theory of psychosocial development are two examples of psychoanalytic theories. Describe two similarities of the theories and two differences between them.

When a person or animal learns to associate a neutral stimulus with a meaningful stimulus, gradually responding to the neutral stimulus in the same way as to the meaningful one, they are exhibiting _____.

When differences between the experimental group and the _____ are so large that they could not have occurred simply by chance, they are considered to be significant.

The life-span perspective takes into account development from _____.