Exam 1: The Beginning: the Science of Human Development

An example of the difference-equals-deficit error is _____.

A systematic statement of principles and generalizations that provides a framework for understanding how and why people change over time is the definition of a _____ theory.

Most research conducted on humans cannot begin without the approval of the Institutional Review Board.

Within Maslow's hierarchy of needs, one sign of self-actualization is that the person has _____ experiences in which life is so intensely joyful that time stops and self-seeking disappears.

Dr. Towne believes that heredity is primarily responsible for personality traits. Dr. West believes that environmental influences are primarily responsible for personality traits. They are on different sides of the _____ debate.

Evolutionary theory is based on the idea that thoughts and expectations affect actions.

A correlation is considered to be negative if _____.

Explain Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems theory and describe his five systems.

Theorists who promote classical conditioning believe that learned behavior is the result of _____, whereas theorists who promote operant conditioning believe that learned behavior is the result of _____.

Individuals in the same cohort are exposed to the same values, events, and technologies of era. They are not necessarily exposed to the same culture.

What practices must be built into a research study to protect participants?

The theory that stresses that there is something hopeful, unifying, and noble in the human spirit and that all people have the same basic needs is _____.

The purpose of a survey is to allow a researcher to collect data quickly from a large population.

Most periods of development are critical periods.

People whose ancestors were born in the same region and who usually share the same language, culture, and religion are called a(n) _____.

Dorothy was born during the Great Depression. Within the context of the ecological-systems approach, knowing this fact allows one to know about her _____.

Maslow's idea of self-actualization refers to being respected, successful, and admired.

Define correlation, and give an example. Can one determine cause and effect from correlations? Explain why or why not.