Question 1

What type of mutation is seen here? Wild type: 5′-TAC AAA ATA CAG CGG-3′
Mutation: 5′-TAC AAG ATA CAG CGG-3′

Accepted Answer

A) transition 
B) transversion 
C) insertion 
D) deletion 
E) nonsense 
A) transition 
B) transversion 
C) insertion 
D) deletion 
E) nonsense A

Question 2

A second-site mutation that compensates for the mutation in one gene by mutating a second gene and restoring the wild-type phenotype is also known as a ________ mutation.

Accepted Answer

suppressor

Question 3

What type of mutation commonly affects CpG islands, altering promoter regions of mammalian genes?

Accepted Answer

deamination

Question 4

Gene conversion can be observed in fungi by identifying aberrant ratios in the ascus. Which of the following represent possible aberrant ratios caused when there is no mismatch repair of base-pair mistakes in the heteroduplex region?

Accepted Answer

A) 4:4 
B) 3:1:1:3 
C) 5:3 
D) 6:2 
E) 3:3:2 
A) 4:4 
B) 3:1:1:3 
C) 5:3 
D) 6:2 
E) 3:3:2

Question 5

Which type of mutation converts a nucleotide to an alternative structure with the same composition but a slightly different placement of rare, less stable hydrogen bonds that cause base-pair mismatch?

Accepted Answer

A) depurination 
B) deamination 
C) tautomeric shift 
D) transition 
E) transversion 
A) depurination 
B) deamination 
C) tautomeric shift 
D) transition 
E) transversion

Question 6

You accidentally exposed your cell culture dish to radiation, but you are not sure of the precise wavelength of the exposure. How can you use the induced DNA damage to tell whether the radiation was UV or higher energy? What is the difference between the DNA damage caused by UV radiation compared to higher-energy radiation? Which type of damage is likely to be the most lethal to your cells?

Accepted Answer

Any radiation energy in wavelengths shor

Question 7

What are the two basic types of base-pair substitutions?

Accepted Answer

transition

Question 8

Which repair mechanism is an error-prone system that uses bypass polymerases to replicate short segments of daughter strands whose normal replication is blocked by lesions in template strand DNA?

Accepted Answer

translesio

Question 9

Which type of double-stranded break repair would you expect to be used by a cell in the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

synthesis-

Question 10

If one Holliday junction region is resolved by an NS cut and the other by an EW cut, the resulting chromosomes __________.

Accepted Answer

A) are nonrecombinant and carry the combinations A1 and B2 or A2 and B1 
B) are nonrecombinant and carry the combinations A1 and B1 or A2 and B2 
C) are A1 and A2 or B1 and B2 
D) are recombinant and carry the combinations A1 and B2 or A2 and B1 
E) are recombinant and carry the combinations A1 and B1 or A2 and B2 
A) are nonrecombinant and carry the combinations A1 and B2 or A2 and B1 
B) are nonrecombinant and carry the combinations A1 and B1 or A2 and B2 
C) are A1 and A2 or B1 and B2 
D) are recombinant and carry the combinations A1 and B2 or A2 and B1 
E) are recombinant and carry the combinations A1 and B1 or A2 and B2

Question 11

The alkylating agent nitrosoguanidine adds methyl groups to nucleotide bases and is repaired by which enzyme that removes the added methyl group and restores nucleotides to their normal form?

Accepted Answer

O⁶-methylgu

Question 12

What process, which is responsible for many trinucleotide repeat disorders, alters the number of DNA repeats?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What process, which is responsible for many...

Question 13

You use several model organisms in your lab's research. Which of your model organisms would you expect to exhibit a higher mutation frequency: E. coli, D. melanogaster, or M. musculus?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You use several model organisms in your...

Question 14

Which type of mutation is possible thanks to the redundant nature of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

A) silent 
B) missense 
C) nonsense 
D) frameshift 
E) splice site 
A) silent 
B) missense 
C) nonsense 
D) frameshift 
E) splice site

Question 15

In eukaryotes, homologous recombination is initiated by __________.

Accepted Answer

A) Rad51 generating double-stranded DNA breaks 
B) RecA, RecB, and RecC generating single-stranded DNA breaks 
C) Spo11 generating double-stranded DNA breaks 
D) p53 generating single-stranded DNA breaks 
E) ATM signaling double-stranded DNA breaks 
A) Rad51 generating double-stranded DNA breaks 
B) RecA, RecB, and RecC generating single-stranded DNA breaks 
C) Spo11 generating double-stranded DNA breaks 
D) p53 generating single-stranded DNA breaks 
E) ATM signaling double-stranded DNA breaks

Question 16

You have developed a new drug and have been asked to test the drug's mutagenicity before putting it on the market. Which test could you use to determine your compound's mutagenic potential?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You have developed a new drug and...

Question 17

What is the human cancer syndrome associated with inherited p53 mutations?

Accepted Answer

Li-Fraumen

Question 18

Given the DNA sequence 5′-TAC AAA ATA CAG CGG-3′, which of these sequences represents a frameshift mutation?

Accepted Answer

A) 5′-TAG AAA ATA CAG CGG-3′ 
B) 5′-TAC AAA TAC AGC GGG-3′ 
C) 5′-TAC AAG ATA CAG CGG-3′ 
D) 5′-TAC AAA ATA CAC CGG-3′ 
E) 5′-TAC AAA ATA CAG AGG-3′ 
A) 5′-TAG AAA ATA CAG CGG-3′ 
B) 5′-TAC AAA TAC AGC GGG-3′ 
C) 5′-TAC AAG ATA CAG CGG-3′ 
D) 5′-TAC AAA ATA CAC CGG-3′ 
E) 5′-TAC AAA ATA CAG AGG-3′

Question 19

Given the DNA sequence 5′-TAC AAA ATA CAG CGG-3′, which of these sequences represents a nonsense mutation?

Accepted Answer

A) 5′-TAG AAA ATA CAG CGG-3′ 
B) 5′-TAC AAA TAC AGC GGG-3′ 
C) 5′-TAC AAG ATA CAG CGG-3′ 
D) 5′-TAC AAA ATA CAC CGG-3′ 
E) 5′-TAC AAA ATA CAG AGG-3′ 
A) 5′-TAG AAA ATA CAG CGG-3′ 
B) 5′-TAC AAA TAC AGC GGG-3′ 
C) 5′-TAC AAG ATA CAG CGG-3′ 
D) 5′-TAC AAA ATA CAC CGG-3′ 
E) 5′-TAC AAA ATA CAG AGG-3′

Question 20

What phenotype would you expect to see in a strain of E. coli with a mutation in the phr gene?

Accepted Answer

A) decrease in UV-induced mutations 
B) increase in UV-induced mutations 
C) decrease in reversion of base-pair substitution mutations 
D) increase in the methylation of nucleotide bases 
E) decrease in the methylation of nucleotide bases 
A) decrease in UV-induced mutations 
B) increase in UV-induced mutations 
C) decrease in reversion of base-pair substitution mutations 
D) increase in the methylation of nucleotide bases 
E) decrease in the methylation of nucleotide bases

Exam 12: Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Homologous Recombination

What type of mutation is seen here? Wild type: 5′-TAC AAA ATA CAG CGG-3′ Mutation: 5′-TAC AAG ATA CAG CGG-3′

A second-site mutation that compensates for the mutation in one gene by mutating a second gene and restoring the wild-type phenotype is also known as a ________ mutation.

What type of mutation commonly affects CpG islands, altering promoter regions of mammalian genes?

Gene conversion can be observed in fungi by identifying aberrant ratios in the ascus. Which of the following represent possible aberrant ratios caused when there is no mismatch repair of base-pair mistakes in the heteroduplex region?

Which type of mutation converts a nucleotide to an alternative structure with the same composition but a slightly different placement of rare, less stable hydrogen bonds that cause base-pair mismatch?

What are the two basic types of base-pair substitutions?

Which repair mechanism is an error-prone system that uses bypass polymerases to replicate short segments of daughter strands whose normal replication is blocked by lesions in template strand DNA?

Which type of double-stranded break repair would you expect to be used by a cell in the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

If one Holliday junction region is resolved by an NS cut and the other by an EW cut, the resulting chromosomes __________.

The alkylating agent nitrosoguanidine adds methyl groups to nucleotide bases and is repaired by which enzyme that removes the added methyl group and restores nucleotides to their normal form?

What process, which is responsible for many trinucleotide repeat disorders, alters the number of DNA repeats?

You use several model organisms in your lab's research. Which of your model organisms would you expect to exhibit a higher mutation frequency: E. coli, D. melanogaster, or M. musculus?

Which type of mutation is possible thanks to the redundant nature of the genetic code?

In eukaryotes, homologous recombination is initiated by __________.

You have developed a new drug and have been asked to test the drug's mutagenicity before putting it on the market. Which test could you use to determine your compound's mutagenic potential?

What is the human cancer syndrome associated with inherited p53 mutations?

Given the DNA sequence 5′-TAC AAA ATA CAG CGG-3′, which of these sequences represents a frameshift mutation?

Given the DNA sequence 5′-TAC AAA ATA CAG CGG-3′, which of these sequences represents a nonsense mutation?

What phenotype would you expect to see in a strain of E. coli with a mutation in the phr gene?

The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Transmission Genetics

Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Gene Interaction

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Dna Structure and Replication

Molecular Biology and Transcription and Rna Processing

The Molecular Biology of Translation

The Integration of Genetic Approaches: Understanding Sickle Cell Disease

Chromosome Structure

Chromosome Aberrations and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Forward Genetics and Recombinant Dna Technology

Applications of Recombinant Dna Technology and Reverse Genetics

Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Cytoplasmic Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Population Genetics and Evolution

Filters

Which type of double-stranded break repair would you expect to be used by a cell in the G₂ phase of the cell cycle?