Exam 3: Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

When cyclin D1 is expressed in normal levels, it stimulates the cell cycle. If overexpressed, it can promote cancer by allowing cells to overproliferate. The normal cyclin D1 gene, which has the potential to cause cancer if mutated and/or overexpressed, is known as what?

Tumor suppressors are genes that __________.

What process is used to make mature germ-line cells, or gametes?

Which term describes any mechanism that compensates for differences in the number of copies of genes due to the different chromosome constitutions of males and females?

Females have two copies of the X chromosome, so they can be homozygous or heterozygous for any genes found on the X chromosome. Males have only one copy of the X chromosome. What term is used to describe this inheritance state?

A pure-breeding female fruit fly with a yellow body is crossed to a pure-breeding male fruit fly with a gray body. All female offspring from the cross have gray bodies and all males have yellow bodies. Body color is likely a(n)__________trait, and the gray allele is ________.

Which meiotic division(s)reduce(s)chromosome number (i.e., meiosis I, meiosis II, or both)? Explain your answer.

Which protein assures that sister chromatids of each chromosome remain firmly joined and can resist the pull of the kinetochore microtubules?

Describe how Mendel's two laws are illustrated by the movement of chromosomes in meiosis.

A cell in G₁ phase has the option of entering which two phases?

How do protein kinases generally activate their target proteins?

During which cell cycle phase(s)are chromosomes composed of two DNA molecules?

What dosage compensation mechanism is employed by female placental mammals?

What is the short segment of the cell cycle during which genetic material is partitioned equally to two daughter cells?

What are three important differences between mitosis and meiosis I?

Which structure is responsible for chromosome movement during cell division?

The separation of sister chromatids during anaphase I of mitosis is known as chromosome __________.

Microtubules are polar, having a plus-end and a minus-end. Which end is anchored at the centrosome?

Of the trillions of cells in the human body, most are ________, the cells that form organs and tissues.

What is the difference between cytokinesis and karyokinesis? Which process needs to be more precise for accurate cell division?