Exam 22: Population Genetics and Evolution

Given the following pedigree, what is the coefficient of inbreeding for individual IV-1?

The coefficient of inbreeding (F)can be used to estimate the proportion of loci that are __________.

________ is an evolutionary mechanism that favors the reproductive success of certain members of a population over others as a result of differences in anatomical, physiological, or behavioral traits they possess.

Both the founder effect and the bottleneck effect are mechanisms that produce large allele frequency sampling errors in a small population due to __________.

Which aspect of population genetics refers to chance fluctuations of allele frequencies resulting from sampling error and is more prominent in small, isolated populations?

In the general population, 1 in 300 individuals is a carrier for Tay-Sachs disease, while 1 in 30 individuals of Ashkenazi Jew descent are carriers. Tay-Sachs also affects 1 in 30 individuals with French-Canadian ancestry, although two completely unique mutations are responsible for the Ashkenazi and French-Canadian mutations. What are the chances of two individuals who are carriers having a child with Tay-Sachs if a. both individuals are not of Ashkenazi or French-Canadian descent? b. one individual is of Ashkenazi descent and one is not? c. both individuals are of Ashkenazi descent?

Which of the following is an example of a postzygotic mechanism for reproductive isolation?

Of the five aspects of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which one directly affects phenotypic frequencies for both rather than genotypic frequencies?

In CODIS, what type of genetic marker is used to predict population genotype frequencies?

The pattern of species evolution known as ________ is one of branching in which an ancestral species gives rise to two or more new species.

In a group of 500 people, the frequency of genotype NN is 40%. Assuming both autosomal inheritance and that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, how many individuals would you expect to have the MN genotype?

Forward and reverse mutation can create a ________, given a sufficient number of generations and the absence of other evolutionary processes.

In the same population of patients you examined for sickle cell allele frequencies, you now want to test whether the disease symptoms are related to blood type. Since blood type is a codominant trait and the alleles are easily identifiable by the phenotype (blood type)of the individuals, which method is most helpful for identifying blood type allele frequency?

If an X-linked recessive trait has a frequency of 5% in males, what percentage of females are carriers? (Assume that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.)

If the relative fitness value is w = 0.6, what is the selection coefficient used to identify the differences between the fitnesses of organisms with different traits?

Mexican hairless dogs are heterozygous (Hh), carrying a single copy of the recessive lethal allele. In a given population, the Hh genotypic frequency is 60% and the frequency of each homozygote Is 20%. Assuming w = 1 for the Hh and hh dogs, what is the estimated genotypic frequency of the lethal HH genotype after reproduction?

Using the allele frequencies in the table below, what is the probability that a random person would be heterozygous 12/14 for VAW?

When populations share a single habitat but are isolated by genetic or postzygotic mechanisms that prevent gene flow, what process can cause populations to diverge?

The process by which an original species is transformed into a new species over an extended period of time that spans many generations is known as __________.

In a theoretical population where f (A₁)= 0.95 and f (A₂)= 0.05, µ = 1 × 10^-6, and v = 1 × 10^-7, what is Δq?