Exam 2: Transmission Genetics

Mendel performed numerous controlled genetic crosses to obtain strains that consistently produced a single phenotype without variation. What are these strains that consistently produce the same phenotype called?

In peas, the round allele is dominant over the wrinkled allele. A plant with round peas was crossed to a plant with wrinkled peas and all of the resulting plants had round peas. What is the genotype of the parents in this cross?

In a test cross, a pure-breeding plant is crossed with a plant suspected to be heterozygous (Aa). What is the genotype of the pure-breeding plant?

Why did Mendel cut off the nascent anthers during the process of artificial cross-fertilization?

What are Mendel's first and second laws, and what do they state?

By convention, when an observed experimental outcome has a probability of occurrence of less than 5% (<0.05), the experimental results are considered to be __________.

Humans have a gene, T, that is involved in muscle formation of the tongue. Individuals homozygous for one allele can roll their tongues, while individuals homozygous for the other allele cannot. If both parents can roll their tongues, but their child cannot, what can be said about the mode of inheritance?

In peas, axial (A)flower position is dominant to terminal (a), tall (L)is dominant to short (l), and yellow (Y)is dominant to green (y). If a plant that is heterozygous for all three traits is allowed to self-fertilize, how many of the offspring would show the dominant phenotype for all three traits?

If an affected individual is born to parents who are unaffected, what is the likely mode of inheritance?

In a dihybrid cross, you want to calculate the probability that an F₂ progeny of the cross will inherit both dominant phenotypes. Which of the rules of probability can be used to calculate the probability of obtaining that combination of alleles?

Describe the traits that make Pisum sativum an ideal organism for genetic studies. Why did Mendel ultimately decide not to include exterior seed coat color (gray vs. white)as one of the traits he analyzed?

In Guinea pigs, short hair (S)is dominant over long hair (s), rough coat (R)is dominant over smooth coat (r), and black hair (B)is dominant over white hair (b). List all the different possible gametes that can be produced by each of the individuals below. a. SSRRbb b. ssRrBB c. SsRrbb d. SsRrBb

What phenotypic ratio would you expect as a result of a test cross between a dihybrid organism and one that is homozygous recessive for alleles at two independent loci?

When calculating the probability of a given genotype in a trihybrid cross, you can generate a Punnett square. Which of the rules of probability can be used to calculate the joint probability of simultaneous inheritance of multiple alleles?

In the accompanying figure, the chance that individual IV-7 is a heterozygous carrier is __________.

What simple type of cross that investigates the inheritance of only one trait could be used to illustrate Mendel's law of segregation?

How many different types of gametes can be produced by a short plant with yellow, round peas with a heterozygous genotype (YyRrSs)?

Binomial expansion is a complex genetic calculation requiring repetition and precision in the use of the product rule and the sum rule. A shortcut called ________ eliminates the need for these repetitive calculations and can be used for any number of expansions between 0 and the nth power to yield the size of each possible class and the total number of classes possible.

Geneticists must be able to compare the outcomes they obtain in their experiments to the outcomes that might be expected to occur. Which test would they use to confirm that the difference between observed and expected outcomes can be attributed to chance?

How did the study of physics with Professors Doppler and Ettinghausen influence Mendel's understanding of genetics?