Question 1

________ must be added to a PCR to direct the polymerase where to begin synthesis.

Accepted Answer

PCR primers

Question 2

What characteristic of the polymerase isolated from Thermus aquaticus makes it unique and highly useful for maintaining the enzyme efficiency during PCR?

Accepted Answer

heat stability

Question 3

DNA polymerase requires a primer sequence to provide a ________ functional group to which the new DNA nucleotide can be added.

Accepted Answer

3′ OH

Question 4

During DNA replication in E. coli, what is the role of DnaA?

Accepted Answer

A) DnaA is a region of DNA recognized by the replisome where replication is initiated. 
B) DnaA bends DNA, hydrolyzing the hydrogen bonds in the 13-mer region of oriC and creating an open complex. 
C) DnaA is a helicase that uses ATP to hydrolyze hydrogen bonds and separate DNA strands. 
D) DnaA carries the helicase protein to the open region of DNA where hydrolysis and strand separation will occur. 
E) DnaA prevents reannealing of the separated strands so replication can proceed. 
A) DnaA is a region of DNA recognized by the replisome where replication is initiated. 
B) DnaA bends DNA, hydrolyzing the hydrogen bonds in the 13-mer region of oriC and creating an open complex. 
C) DnaA is a helicase that uses ATP to hydrolyze hydrogen bonds and separate DNA strands. 
D) DnaA carries the helicase protein to the open region of DNA where hydrolysis and strand separation will occur. 
E) DnaA prevents reannealing of the separated strands so replication can proceed.

Question 5

Which of the following are classified as pyrimidines?

Accepted Answer

A) adenine and thymine 
B) guanine and cytosine 
C) adenine and guanine 
D) thymine and cytosine 
E) adenine and uracil 
A) adenine and thymine 
B) guanine and cytosine 
C) adenine and guanine 
D) thymine and cytosine 
E) adenine and uracil

Question 6

What is the term for the daughter strand synthesized continuously during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the term for the daughter...

Question 7

Many antibacterial agents and chemotherapy agents act as topoisomerase inhibitors. Why would inhibition of topoisomerase cause cell death in bacterial and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

During DNA replication, as DNA strands u

Question 8

If SSB is not present during DNA replication, what would you expect to see?

Accepted Answer

A) The replisome complex would not assemble on the oriC region. 
B) The DNA cannot bend, so hydrogen bonds in the 13-mer region of oriC remain intact. 
C) Helicase activity is inhibited, so DNA strands cannot be separated. 
D) SSB carries the helicase protein to the open region of DNA, so hydrolysis and strand separation will not occur. 
E) SSB prevents reannealing of the separated strands, so strands would quickly reanneal and DNA replication cannot proceed. 
A) The replisome complex would not assemble on the oriC region. 
B) The DNA cannot bend, so hydrogen bonds in the 13-mer region of oriC remain intact. 
C) Helicase activity is inhibited, so DNA strands cannot be separated. 
D) SSB carries the helicase protein to the open region of DNA, so hydrolysis and strand separation will not occur. 
E) SSB prevents reannealing of the separated strands, so strands would quickly reanneal and DNA replication cannot proceed.

Question 9

What is the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside?

Accepted Answer

A) Nucleotides are found in DNA, while nucleosides are found in RNA. 
B) Nucleotides are involved in eukaryotic DNA replication, while nucleosides are used in bacterial DNA replication. 
C) Nucleosides contain only deoxyribose sugars. 
D) A nucleoside with a phosphate ester linked to the sugar is a nucleotide. 
E) Nucleosides are purines, while nucleotides are pyrimidines. 
A) Nucleotides are found in DNA, while nucleosides are found in RNA. 
B) Nucleotides are involved in eukaryotic DNA replication, while nucleosides are used in bacterial DNA replication. 
C) Nucleosides contain only deoxyribose sugars. 
D) A nucleoside with a phosphate ester linked to the sugar is a nucleotide. 
E) Nucleosides are purines, while nucleotides are pyrimidines.

Question 10

You identify a cell in which DNA polymerase III is functional, but it seems to exhibit extremely low processivity. This is likely a defect in what structure?

Accepted Answer

A) the t proteins 
B) the pol III holoenzyme 
C) the clamp loader 
D) the topoisomerase enzyme 
E) the sliding clamp 
A) the t proteins 
B) the pol III holoenzyme 
C) the clamp loader 
D) the topoisomerase enzyme 
E) the sliding clamp

Question 11

Eukaryotic polymerases interact with which protein that acts as the sliding clamp in eukaryotic DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Eukaryotic polymerases interact with which protein that...

Question 12

What well-characterized sequence in E. coli is 245 bp, AT-rich, and divided into three 13-mers and four 9-mers?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What well-characterized sequence in E. coli is...

Question 13

Describe the function of the oriC. What do you predict will happen to the cell if 100 bp between the 13-mer and 9-mer sequence is deleted as indicated in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A consensus sequence is the portion of a

Question 14

Comparison of conserved sequences among related species usually leads to the identification of ________, which illustrate the nucleotides most often found at each position of DNA in the conserved region.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Comparison of conserved sequences among related species...

Question 15

If there is 24% guanine in a DNA molecule, then there is _____ cytosine.

Accepted Answer

A) 24% 
B) 26% 
C) 48% 
D) 52% 
E) impossible to determine 
A) 24% 
B) 26% 
C) 48% 
D) 52% 
E) impossible to determine

Question 16

What is the overall direction of DNA strand elongation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the overall direction of DNA...

Question 17

Briefly describe the Meselson and Stahl experiment that indicated that DNA replication is semiconservative. How would their results have differed if DNA replication was actually conservative in nature?

Accepted Answer

Meselson and Stahl grew bacteria in the

Question 18

Based on Griffith's results, what would you expect if you injected both heat-killed type RII and living type SIII?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on Griffith's results, what would you...

Question 19

________ is the term for multiprotein complexes in which a core enzyme is associated with additional protein components leading to its function.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the term for multiprotein complexes...

Question 20

What is one difference between DNA replication in bacteria versus eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) Eukaryotic chromosomes are replicated bidirectionally, while bacterial chromosomes are replicated in one direction. 
B) Eukaryotic chromosomes have many origins of replication and replicate bidirectionally, while bacteria have only one origin of replication and replicate unidirectionally. 
C) Bacterial chromosomes are replicated bidirectionally, while eukaryotic chromosomes are replicated in one direction. 
D) Eukaryotic chromosomes have many origins of replication, while bacteria have only one origin of replication. 
E) The process is identical in bacterial and eukaryotic DNA replication. 
A) Eukaryotic chromosomes are replicated bidirectionally, while bacterial chromosomes are replicated in one direction. 
B) Eukaryotic chromosomes have many origins of replication and replicate bidirectionally, while bacteria have only one origin of replication and replicate unidirectionally. 
C) Bacterial chromosomes are replicated bidirectionally, while eukaryotic chromosomes are replicated in one direction. 
D) Eukaryotic chromosomes have many origins of replication, while bacteria have only one origin of replication. 
E) The process is identical in bacterial and eukaryotic DNA replication.

Exam 7: Dna Structure and Replication

________ must be added to a PCR to direct the polymerase where to begin synthesis.

What characteristic of the polymerase isolated from Thermus aquaticus makes it unique and highly useful for maintaining the enzyme efficiency during PCR?

DNA polymerase requires a primer sequence to provide a ________ functional group to which the new DNA nucleotide can be added.

During DNA replication in E. coli, what is the role of DnaA?

Which of the following are classified as pyrimidines?

What is the term for the daughter strand synthesized continuously during DNA replication?

Many antibacterial agents and chemotherapy agents act as topoisomerase inhibitors. Why would inhibition of topoisomerase cause cell death in bacterial and eukaryotic cells?

If SSB is not present during DNA replication, what would you expect to see?

What is the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside?

You identify a cell in which DNA polymerase III is functional, but it seems to exhibit extremely low processivity. This is likely a defect in what structure?

Eukaryotic polymerases interact with which protein that acts as the sliding clamp in eukaryotic DNA replication?

What well-characterized sequence in E. coli is 245 bp, AT-rich, and divided into three 13-mers and four 9-mers?

Describe the function of the oriC. What do you predict will happen to the cell if 100 bp between the 13-mer and 9-mer sequence is deleted as indicated in the figure?

Comparison of conserved sequences among related species usually leads to the identification of ________, which illustrate the nucleotides most often found at each position of DNA in the conserved region.

If there is 24% guanine in a DNA molecule, then there is _____ cytosine.

What is the overall direction of DNA strand elongation?

Briefly describe the Meselson and Stahl experiment that indicated that DNA replication is semiconservative. How would their results have differed if DNA replication was actually conservative in nature?

Based on Griffith's results, what would you expect if you injected both heat-killed type RII and living type SIII?

________ is the term for multiprotein complexes in which a core enzyme is associated with additional protein components leading to its function.

What is one difference between DNA replication in bacteria versus eukaryotes?

The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Transmission Genetics

Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Gene Interaction

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Molecular Biology and Transcription and Rna Processing

The Molecular Biology of Translation

The Integration of Genetic Approaches: Understanding Sickle Cell Disease

Chromosome Structure

Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Chromosome Aberrations and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Forward Genetics and Recombinant Dna Technology

Applications of Recombinant Dna Technology and Reverse Genetics

Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Cytoplasmic Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Population Genetics and Evolution

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