Question 1

What should leaders be aware of when using punishment to decrease undesirable behavior in employees?

Accepted Answer

Leaders should understand that punishment may cause undesirable emotional reactions in employees that may result in anger toward the leader and the organization. The use of punishment to control undesirable behavior is contingent on the leader's presence-when the leader isn't around, the undesirable behavior is likely to recur. In addition, the punished individual may try to avoid or escape the situation, even to the point of quitting the job altogether. Punishment suppresses employee initiative and flexibility and produces a conditioned fear of management.
A leader may rely on punishment because it can produce fast results in the short run. In essence, the leader is reinforced for using punishment because the approach produces an immediate change in an employee's behavior. Thus, the leader may ignore punishment's long-term detrimental effects, which can be cumulative. A few incidents of punishment may not produce negative effects. The long-term, sustained use of punishment most often results in negative outcomes for the organization.

Question 2

In a ______ schedule, the desired behavior must occur a specified number of times before it is reinforced.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed interval 
B)  variable interval 
C)  variable ratio 
D)  fixed ratio 
A)  fixed interval 
B)  variable interval 
C)  variable ratio 
D)  fixed ratio D

Question 3

A contingency of reinforcement consists of which three elements?

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, conditional response 
B)  reinforcement, behavior, reward 
C)  symbolizing, forethought, self-control 
D)  antecedent, behavior, and consequence 
A)  unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, conditional response 
B)  reinforcement, behavior, reward 
C)  symbolizing, forethought, self-control 
D)  antecedent, behavior, and consequence D

Question 4

An event for which the individual already knows the value is a(n) ______ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral 
B)  primary 
C)  secondary 
D)  immediate 
A)  neutral 
B)  primary 
C)  secondary 
D)  immediate

Question 5

_______ reinforcement refers to a reinforcer being delivered after some, but not every occurrence of the desired behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Intermittent 
B)  Continuous 
C)  Conditional 
D)  Sporadic 
A)  Intermittent 
B)  Continuous 
C)  Conditional 
D)  Sporadic

Question 6

Primary reinforcers will always act as a reinforcer in any given situation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The removal of all reinforcing events is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  withdrawal. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  aversion. 
D)  escaping. 
A)  withdrawal. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  aversion. 
D)  escaping.

Question 8

Describe the five dimensions of social learning theory.

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory includes five dim

Question 9

Regarding the size of a reinforcer, it should be understood that

Accepted Answer

A)  the significance of the size of a reinforcer varies with each individual. 
B)  reinforcers must always be large in order to be effective. 
C)  the size of the reinforcer is not what is important, it is the timing of the reinforcer. 
D)  the larger the amount of the reinforcer, the less effect it will have on the frequency of the desired behavior. 
A)  the significance of the size of a reinforcer varies with each individual. 
B)  reinforcers must always be large in order to be effective. 
C)  the size of the reinforcer is not what is important, it is the timing of the reinforcer. 
D)  the larger the amount of the reinforcer, the less effect it will have on the frequency of the desired behavior.

Question 10

At a food manufacturing plant, a loud buzzer sounds repeatedly when temperature levels of the dryer are starting to increase to dangerous levels. Since this represents a safety concern, the buzzer will not stop until an employee lowers the temperature level or shuts the machine off. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction. 
B)  escape learning. 
C)  reinforcement deprivation. 
D)  a kaizen reward. 
A)  extinction. 
B)  escape learning. 
C)  reinforcement deprivation. 
D)  a kaizen reward.

Question 11

Because state lotteries pay out whenever a person selects the right combination of numbers, the lotteries utilize a fixed ratio schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

According to "Across Cultures Competency," in which country is the color yellow associated with death?

Accepted Answer

A)  France 
B)  Latin America 
C)  Africa 
D)  India 
A)  France 
B)  Latin America 
C)  Africa 
D)  India

Question 13

A contingency of reinforcement can be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  the process by which individuals learn voluntary behavior. 
B)  knowledge acquisition through the mental processing of information by observing and imitating others. 
C)  the relationship between a behavior and the preceding and following environmental events that influence that behavior. 
D)  the process by which individuals learn to link the information from a neutral stimulus to a stimulus that causes a response. 
A)  the process by which individuals learn voluntary behavior. 
B)  knowledge acquisition through the mental processing of information by observing and imitating others. 
C)  the relationship between a behavior and the preceding and following environmental events that influence that behavior. 
D)  the process by which individuals learn to link the information from a neutral stimulus to a stimulus that causes a response.

Question 14

The simplest schedule of reinforcement is

Accepted Answer

A)  intermittent reinforcement. 
B)  continuous reinforcement. 
C)  a fixed-ratio schedule. 
D)  an interval schedule. 
A)  intermittent reinforcement. 
B)  continuous reinforcement. 
C)  a fixed-ratio schedule. 
D)  an interval schedule.

Question 15

What makes a variable ratio schedule effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  The behavior is reinforced each time it occurs. 
B)  It creates uncertainty about when the consequence will occur. 
C)  The desired behavior must occur a specified number of times before it is reinforced. 
D)  Reinforcement occurs regardless of the amount of time that exists between behaviors. 
A)  The behavior is reinforced each time it occurs. 
B)  It creates uncertainty about when the consequence will occur. 
C)  The desired behavior must occur a specified number of times before it is reinforced. 
D)  Reinforcement occurs regardless of the amount of time that exists between behaviors.

Question 16

What is the premise behind escape learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Employees will "escape" any situation that does not lend itself to positive reinforcement or the attainment of a reward. 
B)  A reinforcer must be administered only if the desired behavior is performed. 
C)  An unpleasant event will occur until an employee performs a behavior that will terminate it. 
D)  All reinforcing events should be removed; employees don't need reinforcers in order to learn proper behavior. 
A)  Employees will "escape" any situation that does not lend itself to positive reinforcement or the attainment of a reward. 
B)  A reinforcer must be administered only if the desired behavior is performed. 
C)  An unpleasant event will occur until an employee performs a behavior that will terminate it. 
D)  All reinforcing events should be removed; employees don't need reinforcers in order to learn proper behavior.

Question 17

Which of the following is a guideline for using contingencies of reinforcement in the workplace?

Accepted Answer

A)  Don't let employees know which behaviors will be reinforced. 
B)  Reward all employees in the same manner. 
C)  For punishment to be effective, it must be administered in front of others. 
D)  Carefully examine the consequences of nonactions as well as actions. 
A)  Don't let employees know which behaviors will be reinforced. 
B)  Reward all employees in the same manner. 
C)  For punishment to be effective, it must be administered in front of others. 
D)  Carefully examine the consequences of nonactions as well as actions.

Question 18

What are the guidelines that are recommended for leaders using contingencies of reinforcement in the workplace?

Accepted Answer

-Do not reward all employees in the same

Question 19

According to "Teams Competency: Steelcase, Inc.," when new equipment is needed, a team of employees who are responsible for running the equipment make the decision about what to buy and how it should be installed on the shop floor. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  empowerment. 
B)  symbolizing. 
C)  conditioning. 
D)  escape learning. 
A)  empowerment. 
B)  symbolizing. 
C)  conditioning. 
D)  escape learning.

Question 20

In "Ethics Competency: Time Off for Bad Behavior," male inmates who participate in rehab programs for substance abuse are less likely to commit another crime or relapse into future drug abuse.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

What should leaders be aware of when using punishment to decrease undesirable behavior in employees?

In a ______ schedule, the desired behavior must occur a specified number of times before it is reinforced.

A contingency of reinforcement consists of which three elements?

An event for which the individual already knows the value is a(n) ______ reinforcer.

_______ reinforcement refers to a reinforcer being delivered after some, but not every occurrence of the desired behavior.

Primary reinforcers will always act as a reinforcer in any given situation.

The removal of all reinforcing events is referred to as

Describe the five dimensions of social learning theory.

Regarding the size of a reinforcer, it should be understood that

Because state lotteries pay out whenever a person selects the right combination of numbers, the lotteries utilize a fixed ratio schedule.

According to "Across Cultures Competency," in which country is the color yellow associated with death?

A contingency of reinforcement can be described as

The simplest schedule of reinforcement is

What makes a variable ratio schedule effective?

What is the premise behind escape learning?

Which of the following is a guideline for using contingencies of reinforcement in the workplace?

What are the guidelines that are recommended for leaders using contingencies of reinforcement in the workplace?

According to "Teams Competency: Steelcase, Inc.," when new equipment is needed, a team of employees who are responsible for running the equipment make the decision about what to buy and how it should be installed on the shop floor. This is an example of

In "Ethics Competency: Time Off for Bad Behavior," male inmates who participate in rehab programs for substance abuse are less likely to commit another crime or relapse into future drug abuse.

Learning About Organizational Behavior

Individual Difference and Job Attitudes

Perceptions and Attributions

Motivating Employees

Motivation: Goal Setting and Reward Programs

Workplace Stress and Aggression

Interpersonal Communication in Organizations

Promoting Fairness and Trust

Leadership Effectiveness: Foundations

Leadership Effectiveness: New Perspectives

Developing and Leading Teams

Managing Conflict and Negotiating Effectively

Managerial Decision Making

Organization Design

Cultivating Organizational Culture

Managing Organizational Change

Filters

Exam 4: Learning and Performance Management

What should leaders be aware of when using punishment to decrease undesirable behavior in employees?

In a ______ schedule, the desired behavior must occur a specified number of times before it is reinforced.

A contingency of reinforcement consists of which three elements?

An event for which the individual already knows the value is a(n) ______ reinforcer.

_______ reinforcement refers to a reinforcer being delivered after some, but not every occurrence of the desired behavior.

Primary reinforcers will always act as a reinforcer in any given situation.

The removal of all reinforcing events is referred to as

Describe the five dimensions of social learning theory.

Regarding the size of a reinforcer, it should be understood that

Because state lotteries pay out whenever a person selects the right combination of numbers, the lotteries utilize a fixed ratio schedule.

According to "Across Cultures Competency," in which country is the color yellow associated with death?

A contingency of reinforcement can be described as

The simplest schedule of reinforcement is

What makes a variable ratio schedule effective?

What is the premise behind escape learning?

Which of the following is a guideline for using contingencies of reinforcement in the workplace?

What are the guidelines that are recommended for leaders using contingencies of reinforcement in the workplace?

According to "Teams Competency: Steelcase, Inc.," when new equipment is needed, a team of employees who are responsible for running the equipment make the decision about what to buy and how it should be installed on the shop floor. This is an example of

In "Ethics Competency: Time Off for Bad Behavior," male inmates who participate in rehab programs for substance abuse are less likely to commit another crime or relapse into future drug abuse.

Learning About Organizational Behavior

Individual Difference and Job Attitudes

Perceptions and Attributions

Motivating Employees

Motivation: Goal Setting and Reward Programs

Workplace Stress and Aggression

Interpersonal Communication in Organizations

Promoting Fairness and Trust

Leadership Effectiveness: Foundations

Leadership Effectiveness: New Perspectives

Developing and Leading Teams

Managing Conflict and Negotiating Effectively

Managerial Decision Making

Organization Design

Cultivating Organizational Culture

Managing Organizational Change

Filters