Question 1

Cognitive dissonance theory proposes that we experience _____________ when our beliefs are _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fear; uncertain 
B)  pleasure; inconsistent 
C)  tension; inconsistent 
D)  arousal; consistent

Question 2

People who stopped to buy a cookie at a bake sale were told "Thank you for supporting your local women's centre." They were more likely to respond to a later appeal for donations for the women's centre than people who had not been to the bake sale. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  the foot-in-the-door phenomenon 
B)  the recency effect 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  the power of selective exposure to information.

Question 3

Zanna and Pack found that gender roles ___________ our actions.

Accepted Answer

A)  shape 
B)  don't affect 
C)  and sexuality do not 
D)  and social status do not

Question 4

The advantage of the bogus-pipeline technique is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  eliminates the need for deception in attitude research. 
B)  guarantees anonymity of participants' responses. 
C)  yields an expressed attitude that is closer to the real one. 
D)  guarantees that the expressed attitude will lead to action.

Question 5

The magnitude of the felt dissonance is greater when

Accepted Answer

A)  there is insufficient justification for the behaviour. 
B)  there is overjustification for the behaviour. 
C)  there is no choice over the behaviour. 
D)  there are others engaged in the same behaviour.

Question 6

Research suggests that we often do not do what we know and believe to be the right thing to do. Daniel Batson calls this phenomenon

Accepted Answer

A)  moral dissonance. 
B)  overjustification. 
C)  ingratiation. 
D)  moral hypocrisy.

Question 7

Appearing moral without being so, referred to as moral hypocrisy, is an example of the

Accepted Answer

A)  conjunction between attitudes and behaviours. 
B)  disjuncture between attitudes and behaviours. 
C)  conjunction between beliefs and behaviours. 
D)  disjuncture between beliefs and behaviours.

Question 8

Which of the following is a component of Peter's attitude toward classical music?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peter believes that listening to classical music raises one's IQ. 
B)  Peter likes the fact that a local radio plays only classical music. 
C)  Peter buys classical music recordings with any extra money he earns. 
D)  All of these choices are part of Peter's attitude toward classical music.

Question 9

A group of Queen's University "frosh" (first-year students) are taught songs and chants about the superiority of Queen's University. One month later, they have negative attitudes toward all other universities. This is likely due to

Accepted Answer

A)  the effects of potent attitudes on behaviour. 
B)  the saying-becomes-believing effect. 
C)  the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. 
D)  none of these choices.

Question 10

Discuss the evidence that arousal is an important element of dissonance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the evidence that arousal is an...

Question 11

People sometimes internalize their behaviour as genuine attitude changes. Which of these theories do social psychologists use to explain this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  impression management 
B)  cognitive dissonance 
C)  self-perception 
D)  all of these choices

Question 12

Which of the following is not an effective component of a brainwashing program?

Accepted Answer

A)  Escalating very gradually the demands made of the prisoner 
B)  Offering large bribes for compliance with requests 
C)  Eliciting regular participation from the prisoner rather than allowing him or her to be a passive recipient of propaganda 
D)  Having prisoners write self-criticism or utter public confessions

Question 13

The term ________ refers to prescribed actions expected of those who occupy a particular social position.

Accepted Answer

A)  constellation 
B)  intentions 
C)  role 
D)  status

Question 14

An attitude will be only weakly linked to behaviour when

Accepted Answer

A)  the attitude is not very potent. 
B)  the behaviour is subject to lots of other influences. 
C)  the attitude and the behaviour are not measured at the same level of specificity. 
D)  all of these choices.

Question 15

A lesson of role-playing studies is that

Accepted Answer

A)  participants do not take them seriously. 
B)  what is unreal can evolve into what is real. 
C)  the results do not generalize the real world. 
D)  they are always unethical.

Question 16

A sales representative comes to your home and asks you to try a water filter system for a week, absolutely free, so you agree. The rep returns the next week and offers you an expensive contract to continue to rent the system and you agree. You are most clearly a victim of

Accepted Answer

A)  self-monitoring. 
B)  the overjustification effect. 
C)  the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. 
D)  impression management.

Question 17

An attitude is defined as ___________ toward someone or something.

Accepted Answer

A)  a behaviour 
B)  an evaluative reaction 
C)  a single belief 
D)  an inclination

Question 18

In 1969 Wicker reviewed studies of the attitude-behaviour relation. Results suggested that

Accepted Answer

A)  attitudes toward cheating were not related to actual cheating. 
B)  attitudes toward the church were only modestly related to church attendance. 
C)  racial attitudes were not related to behaviour in actual situations. 
D)  all of these choices.

Question 19

If you want to improve your ability to empathize with others, self-perception theory recommends

Accepted Answer

A)  self-perceptiveness training. 
B)  overjustification of the other's behaviour. 
C)  sitting in front of a mirror while talking with others. 
D)  letting your face mirror the expressions of the person you're trying to empathize with.

Question 20

Marty wants Lee to like him. According to the attitudes-follow-behaviour principle, what should Marty do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Do Lee a favour. 
B)  Get Lee to do him a favour. 
C)  Become good friends before asking for any favours. 
D)  Do Lee's friend a favour.

Exam 4: Behaviour and Attitudes

Cognitive dissonance theory proposes that we experience _ when our beliefs are ___.