Question 1

In the textbook example entitled "Shaping a Teacher," psychology students would look interested in the teacher's lecture when she was standing on the right side of the room, and they would look bored when she was standing on the left side.The students were shaping the teacher's behavior using __________reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A)  social 
B)  primary 
C)  token 
D)  cognitive

Question 2

Learned reactions worsen many cases of hypertension.For example, traffic jams and arguments with a spouse can trigger a dangerous rise in blood pressure because these situations have become

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimuli. 
B)  conditioned responses. 
C)  unconditioned stimuli. 
D)  unconditioned responses.

Question 3

Skinner once placed some pigeons in Skinner boxes and reinforced them with food randomly no matter what they were doing.Despite the fact that there was no real connection between their behavior and its consequences, each pigeon acted as if there were with one bird flapping its left wing, another hopping on one foot, and a third turning in complete circles.Skinner used which of the following terms to describe such behaviors that are repeated because they appear to produce reinforcement when really the behaviors are unnecessary?

Accepted Answer

A)  modeling 
B)  latent learning 
C)  positive transfer 
D)  superstitious behavior

Question 4

Many people start tensing up during a horror movie whenever they hear a familiar tune because this tune is always associated with a character being in danger.This situation illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  how shaping occurs. 
B)  the development of a conditioned emotional response. 
C)  the use of negative reinforcers. 
D)  how desensitization occurs.

Question 5

Because three-year-old Susie was scratched by her neighbor's furry black cat, she developed a phobia for the cat as well as becoming fearful of any black, furry object, including her mother's black fake fur hat.Susie's fear of her mother's hat and any other furry black object demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery. 
B)  negative transfer. 
C)  stimulus generalization. 
D)  operant conditioning.

Question 6

Once a new response is tried, normal reinforcement or feedback determines whether it will be repeated thereafter.This is true for both observational learning, or modeling, and for

Accepted Answer

A)  insight learning. 
B)  respondent conditioning. 
C)  rote rehearsal. 
D)  latent learning.

Question 7

When punishing a child or adolescent, it is important to

Accepted Answer

A)  be consistent in punishing children for the same things and in the same way. 
B)  punish any anger or crying shown by the child while he or she is being punished. 
C)  use response cost for younger children, not for older ones. 
D)  use harsh punishment to guarantee obedience.

Question 8

After a response has been extinguished, it will often reappear after a short time has passed.This is referred to as a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After a response has been extinguished, it...

Question 9

Which form of learning would most likely be studied in a Skinner box?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  vicarious conditioning 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  conditioned emotional responses

Question 10

Which of the following types of learning involves involuntary responses and passive responding by the animal or person?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  latent learning 
D)  instrumental learning

Question 11

Regarding self-recording, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-recording works because people tend to react to being observed, even when they are the ones watching their own behavior. 
B)  When one uses self-recording, he or she is more likely to engage in desired behaviors and less likely to perform undesired behaviors. 
C)  Record keeping can be motivating as one begins to make progress. 
D)  In self-recording, one should use a chart that records the number of times the behavior occurred, where it occurred, the time it occurred, and one's feelings.

Question 12

Fatima sees her four-year-old son spontaneously picking up his toys.If she wishes for her son to continue this behavior, she should

Accepted Answer

A)  praise her son immediately after he finishes picking up the toys. 
B)  wait and praise her son after his father gets home from work. 
C)  not praise her son because he will then expect praise every time he acts "good." 
D)  wait and only praise him if he picks them up again on another day.

Question 13

You go through a series of steps in making a six-tier wedding cake with the "oohs" and "ahhs" of the wedding guests and your payment being the reinforcement for the numerous steps you completed in this example of a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You go through a series of steps...

Question 14

Regarding latent learning, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Just satisfying curiosity can be enough to reward latent learning. 
B)  Latent learning remains hidden until reinforcement is provided. 
C)  Latent learning is directly associated with respondent conditioning. 
D)  In humans, latent learning is related to higher-level abilities, such as anticipating future reward.

Question 15

Taking away a teen's privileges or using time out with younger children are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  aversive conditioning. 
B)  response chaining. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  punishment.

Question 16

Jamal works for a department store that pays him $50 for every three bicycles he assembles; thus, Jamal is on a variable interval schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Another name for response cost is

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  nonreinforcement. 
C)  positive punishment. 
D)  negative punishment.

Question 18

Because taking a drug reduces withdrawal symptoms, taking the drug is

Accepted Answer

A)  negatively reinforced. 
B)  positively reinforced. 
C)  vicariously reinforced. 
D)  extinguished.

Question 19

An internal representation of a relationship that acts as a guide would be referred to as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive map. 
B)  cognitive antecedent. 
C)  eidetic image. 
D)  non-operant response.

Question 20

If you wear sunglasses to escape the glare of the sun, then you are wearing the sunglasses because of __________reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you wear sunglasses to escape the...

Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning.