Question 1

A Skinner box is also called

Accepted Answer

A)  a training cage. 
B)  a reinforcement apparatus. 
C)  an operant conditioning chamber. 
D)  all of these.

Question 2

According to your textbook, the three basic tools one has available to control simple learning include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement. 
B)  nonreinforcement. 
C)  punishment. 
D)  cognitions.

Question 3

Regarding superstitious behavior, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Superstitious behavior is based upon an apparent connection between a response and a reinforcer. 
B)  Superstitious behavior is due to the occurrence of a spontaneous recovery. 
C)  Superstitious behavior is observed only in people, not in other animals. 
D)  Superstitious behaviors are learned patterns of behavior that consistently predict future events.

Question 4

You want to stop your cat from clawing your new sofa by spraying a stream of water on the cat as punishment for clawing the furniture.If you are to be successful, you must

Accepted Answer

A)  use intermittent punishment by spraying the cat every now and then. 
B)  spray the cat every time he begins to claw the sofa. 
C)  spray the cat until he is completely wet and uncomfortable. 
D)  take the cat to each clawed mark and then hold and spray him.

Question 5

Frequent spankings tend to decrease aggression and reduce problem behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

As a coffee lover, you have become very efficient at carrying out the steps necessary to make a cup of espresso.Your learning is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a response chain. 
B)  a spontaneous recovery. 
C)  vicarious reinforcement. 
D)  secondary reinforcement.

Question 7

Which of the following involves listing how much time you currently spend performing the specific activity or counting the number of desired or undesired responses you make each day?

Accepted Answer

A)  establishing goals 
B)  recording a baseline 
C)  choosing a target behavior 
D)  setting up reinforcers and punishers

Question 8

In his experiments, Pavlov found that conditioning worked best if the CS was presented

Accepted Answer

A)  just before the US. 
B)  at the same time as the US. 
C)  just after the US. 
D)  instead of the US.

Question 9

Tristan and his brother Ian are fighting over the video game.So, Mom takes the video game system away from them for an hour.Mom has used

Accepted Answer

A)  response cost. 
B)  aversive conditioning. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  positive punishment.

Question 10

In its simplest form, classical conditioning depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumental learning. 
B)  learned fears. 
C)  unconditioned reflex responses. 
D)  the consequences of responding.

Question 11

When a stimulus acquires the power to elicit a response as a result of being paired with a stimulus that already produces the response, then which of the following has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning 
B)  instrumental learning 
C)  respondent conditioning 
D)  insight learning

Question 12

Two groups of well-trained rats were placed on extinction.One group was punished with a slap on the paw for each bar press, while the other group was not.The experimenters found that bar pressing

Accepted Answer

A)  reached extinction quicker for the rats whose paws were slapped. 
B)  reached extinction quicker for the rats whose paws were not slapped. 
C)  temporarily slowed for the rats whose paws were slapped with no difference in extinction time. 
D)  remained high for both groups with extinction never being reached for either group of rats.

Question 13

Using behavioral terms, explain why advertisers might pair a "party scene" with a product, such as a soft drink, and explain why many stores carry imitations of nationally known products and place them right beside of these more well-known products.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using behavioral terms, explain why advertisers might...

Question 14

Punishment works best when it occurs as the response is being made, or immediately afterward.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

David is a recovering alcoholic.He has not had a drink in eight months.David has avoided parties where alcohol is served, found new friends who do not drink and stayed away from bars.Of the strategies listed in your text for breaking a bad habit, David is using the one involving

Accepted Answer

A)  breaking up response chains. 
B)  cues and antecedents. 
C)  alternate responses. 
D)  negative reinforcement.

Question 16

You live in an apartment and your neighbor's stereo is blasting so loudly that your ears hurt.If you pound on the wall and the volume suddenly drops, you are more likely to pound on the wall again if the stereo is loud because

Accepted Answer

A)  you have undergone extinction. 
B)  you have been negatively reinforced. 
C)  you have been positively reinforced. 
D)  of the consequence of response cost.

Question 17

In a recent study, college students played either a violent action game (Conan)or a nonviolent racing game (Fuel)with both games being equally competitive, difficult, and fast-paced.The college students were then given the opportunity to aggress against their competitor.The results of this study showed that

Accepted Answer

A)  the college students who played the violent game were more likely to be aggressive. 
B)  the college students who played the nonviolent game were more likely to be aggressive. 
C)  the college students who played the violent game were no more likely to be aggressive than those who played the nonviolent game. 
D)  no aggression toward other players was exhibited by any of the game players.

Question 18

In Thorndike's law of effect, events critical for conditioning

Accepted Answer

A)  occur after the response. 
B)  occur before the response. 
C)  occur simultaneously with the response. 
D)  are unrelated to the response except during extinction.

Question 19

In classical conditioning, the tendency to respond to stimuli similar to (but not identical to)a conditioned response is called

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  spontaneous recovery. 
C)  transfer of training. 
D)  vicarious conditioning.

Question 20

The learning of an emotional response to stimuli or situations portrayed in a movie would have to take place through

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious classical conditioning. 
B)  instrumental conditioning. 
C)  a spontaneous recovery. 
D)  response shaping.

Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning.