Question 1

Your friend was raised in Hong Kong and speaks fluent Chinese. It might not be surprising that he was able to grasp many mathematical principles at an early age because of the symbolic nature of the Chinese language. This situation would be consistent with the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) confirmation bias 
B) linguistic relativity hypothesis 
C) algorithm hypothesis 
D) intelligence hypothesis

Question 2

Research on whether there is a sensitive period for acquiring a second language suggests that there is __________.

Accepted Answer

A) a sensitive period during childhood 
B) a sensitive period during middle adulthood 
C) a sensitive period during late adulthood 
D) no such sensitive period

Question 3

The set of rules that dictate how symbols can be combined to create meaningful units of communication is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) heuristic 
B) linguistic structure 
C) grammar 
D) syntax

Question 4

General problem-solving strategies that often involve short-cuts and may or may not generate the correct answer are called

Accepted Answer

A) propositions 
B) heuristics 
C) algorithms 
D) mental sets

Question 5

When making decisions, why is disconfirming evidence important? How does overconfidence contribute to confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When making decisions, why is disconfirming evidence...

Question 6

The four critical properties that are common to all languages are that they are symbolic, they have structure, they have meaning, and they are generative.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A headline in a newspaper reads "Suicide more common than thought". This is an example of a sentence that

Accepted Answer

A) has incorrect surface structure 
B) has two different deep structures 
C) has too many phonemes 
D) does not adhere to the displacement aspect of language 
E) is not generative

Question 8

You are deciding how you can make your favourite dessert taste even better. One possibility is adding more chocolate and another possibility is adding more cream. This example represents the _____________ stage of problem solving.

Accepted Answer

A) framing 
B) solution generation 
C) testing 
D) evaluating

Question 9

The way symbols are combined within a given language refers to _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) surface structure 
B) deep structure 
C) semantics 
D) syntax

Question 10

What are problem-solving schemas? Distinguish between algorithms and heuristics. Describe the means-ends and subgoal analysis heuristics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are problem-solving schemas? Distinguish between algorithms...

Question 11

Recent brain imaging studies examining sex differences during a language task indicate that

Accepted Answer

A) the left hemisphere is equally activated for men and women 
B) the left hemisphere is more active for men and the right hemisphere is more active for women 
C) the left hemisphere is more active for men but both left and right hemispheres are active for women 
D) the left hemisphere is more active for women, but both left and right hemispheres are active for men

Question 12

Harry makes a statement to a group of friends that, "people who drive red cars get more speeding tickets". The group agrees with the statement because a member of the group, "Jim", drives a red car and frequently gets speeding tickets. This is an example of making a decision based on

Accepted Answer

A) subgoal analysis 
B) divergent thinking 
C) an availability heuristic 
D) convergent thinking 
E) incubation

Question 13

You absolutely must solve a problem and you must get the right answer. Thus, you should use

Accepted Answer

A) heuristics 
B) an algorithm 
C) divergent thinking 
D) subgoal analysis 
E) a mental set

Question 14

Consider the task of moving to a new city. If you make a list of all the things you have to do (pack, clean your old house, make arrangements to physically move your belongings, etc.), what concept best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

A) subgoal analysis 
B) means-ends analysis 
C) big picture thinking 
D) wholistic thinking 
E) goal-oriented thinking

Question 15

Zhang is having trouble answering this question. So he decides to move onto the next question and come back to this one later. Zhang is most likely using the strategy of

Accepted Answer

A) divergent thinking 
B) framing 
C) incubation 
D) confirmatory analysis 
E) functional fixedness

Question 16

What is confirmation bias? Why does it occur, and how can it interfere with problem solving?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is confirmation bias? Why does it...

Question 17

Knowledge of the practical aspects of using a language is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) semantics 
B) linguistics 
C) pronunciation 
D) pragmatics

Question 18

A mental image is a representation of a stimulus that originates from __________ your brain, rather than from __________ sensory input.

Accepted Answer

A) inside; external 
B) outside; external 
C) inside; internal 
D) outside; internal

Question 19

Men often show more severe aphasic responses than women to a stroke in the left hemisphere. Why might this be the case?

Accepted Answer

A) Men damage their cortex more severely. 
B) In men, language is lateralized to the right hemisphere. 
C) Language in women may be more bilaterally represented. 
D) Women do not suffer from aphasia. 
E) There is no Broca's area in women.

Question 20

Two types of metacognition are metacomprehension and metamemory.

Accepted Answer