Question 1

According to the text, images, ideas, concepts, and principles are all examples of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) heuristics 
B) prototypes 
C) morphemes 
D) mental representations

Question 2

In their most basic form, statements expressing facts and consisting of concepts that are combined in a particular way are called _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) heuristics 
B) belief biases 
C) propositions 
D) mental representations

Question 3

Evolutionary theorists suggest that language evolved to help individuals

Accepted Answer

A) use tools more effectively 
B) attract mates 
C) care for offspring 
D) deal with larger social groups

Question 4

The term "belief bias" specifically refers to our tendency to

Accepted Answer

A) over-use habitual algorithms to solve problems 
B) confuse probability with availability 
C) abandon logic in favour of our personal ideas 
D) confuse probability with representativeness

Question 5

The concept of overconfidence is most closely associated with which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

A) Confirmation bias 
B) The availability heuristic 
C) A mental set 
D) Functional fixedness

Question 6

If you have a mental framework for the behaviour of "going out to dinner", we would refer to this framework as

Accepted Answer

A) a representativeness heuristic 
B) a means-ends analysis 
C) an algorithm 
D) an expertise 
E) a script

Question 7

Research on learning a second language ________.

Accepted Answer

A) has proven that the critical period for learning a second language ends around age 8 
B) has proven that the critical period for learning a second language ends at the onset of puberty 
C) suggests there is at least a sensitive period for learning a second language, but when the sensitive period ends is unclear 
D) suggests that neither a sensitive nor critical period exists for learning a second language

Question 8

You could probably answer the questions " is a monkey a mammal?" faster than, "is a whale a mammal?" Why

Accepted Answer

A) a whale is actually a fish 
B) belief bias gets in the way 
C) mammal is an abstract concept 
D) a monkey is more prototypical of the category mammal 
E) the proposition is phrased incorrectly

Question 9

Let's say that I show you a picture of a car. Then I ask you to imagine a car. We would expect the neural response to be the same because of

Accepted Answer

A) propositional thought 
B) rotation ability 
C) motoric thought 
D) visual neglect 
E) imagery neurons

Question 10

Bryson's psychology professor asks his students to think about their personal cognitive abilities, then to guesstimate where they would fall on the intelligence scale. In other words, the professor is asking the students to use

Accepted Answer

A) propositions. 
B) metacognition. 
C) mental rotation. 
D) overconfidence. 
E) algorithmic thinking.

Question 11

Many concepts are defined by propositions, which are considered to be the most familiar or representative members of a class or group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

You are studying a child's language abilities. You note that her language is strongly influenced by her environment. This supports the idea of

Accepted Answer

A) a LASS 
B) a LAD 
C) linguistic relativity 
D) segmentation 
E) pragmatics

Question 13

A mental framework concerning a sequence of events that usually unfolds in a regular, almost standardized order is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

A) script 
B) schema 
C) principle 
D) concept

Question 14

Your awareness and understanding of your own cognitive abilities is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) metacomprehension. 
B) metamemory. 
C) metalingusitics. 
D) metacognition.

Question 15

Dalila is two years old and is able to construct simple sentences with a noun and a verb. For example, if she wants to be held, she goes to her mother, holds up her arms, and says, "Mommy, up." This type of sentence is called

Accepted Answer

A) cooing. 
B) telegraphic speech. 
C) babbling. 
D) phoneme. 
E) projective intention.

Question 16

Inductive reasoning is to _____ as deductive reasoning is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) top-down processing; bottom-up processing 
B) bottom-up processing; top-down processing 
C) propositions; concepts 
D) framing; belief bias 
E) heuristics; algorithm

Question 17

Research on the linguistic relativity hypothesis has revealed that language can determine how we think.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What is the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning? Give an example of how each of these types of logic may be used during different stages of the scientific process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between deductive and...

Question 19

What are some adaptive functions of language?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are some adaptive functions of language?...

Question 20

My grandparent has the ability to recognize and manage uncertainty. My grandparent has __________.

Accepted Answer

A) a good memory 
B) problem-solving abilities 
C) creativity 
D) wisdom

Exam 9: Language and Thinking

According to the text, images, ideas, concepts, and principles are all examples of ________.

In their most basic form, statements expressing facts and consisting of concepts that are combined in a particular way are called _______________.

Evolutionary theorists suggest that language evolved to help individuals

The term "belief bias" specifically refers to our tendency to

The concept of overconfidence is most closely associated with which of the following concepts?

If you have a mental framework for the behaviour of "going out to dinner", we would refer to this framework as

Research on learning a second language ________.

You could probably answer the questions " is a monkey a mammal?" faster than, "is a whale a mammal?" Why

Let's say that I show you a picture of a car. Then I ask you to imagine a car. We would expect the neural response to be the same because of

Bryson's psychology professor asks his students to think about their personal cognitive abilities, then to guesstimate where they would fall on the intelligence scale. In other words, the professor is asking the students to use

Many concepts are defined by propositions, which are considered to be the most familiar or representative members of a class or group.

You are studying a child's language abilities. You note that her language is strongly influenced by her environment. This supports the idea of

A mental framework concerning a sequence of events that usually unfolds in a regular, almost standardized order is called a ________.

Your awareness and understanding of your own cognitive abilities is known as:

Dalila is two years old and is able to construct simple sentences with a noun and a verb. For example, if she wants to be held, she goes to her mother, holds up her arms, and says, "Mommy, up." This type of sentence is called

Inductive reasoning is to _ as deductive reasoning is to _.

Research on the linguistic relativity hypothesis has revealed that language can determine how we think.

What is the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning? Give an example of how each of these types of logic may be used during different stages of the scientific process.

What are some adaptive functions of language?

My grandparent has the ability to recognize and manage uncertainty. My grandparent has __________.