Question 1

Sam is a grad student who often goes out for a drink with his friends on the weekend. He has begun to notice on these outings that as the night wears on and his friends have consumed more and more alcohol, their coordination becomes increasingly impaired. Based on these observations, Sam proposes that alcohol causes impaired coordination. As such, Sam is engaging in

Accepted Answer

A) deductive reasoning 
B) means-ends analysis 
C) an algorithm 
D) inductive reasoning 
E) top-down reasoning

Question 2

Formulas such as the one used to determine the lengths of the sides of a right triangle (a2 + b2 = c2) are considered to be examples of ___________, whereas problem-solving techniques such as means-ends analysis are considered to be ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) mental sets; algorithms 
B) heuristics; algorithms 
C) algorithms; heuristics 
D) algorithms; mental sets

Question 3

Following a car accident, Mr. Jones had a great deal of difficulty understanding speech. At the hospital, the brain scan is most likely to show damage to

Accepted Answer

A) the left temporal lobes 
B) the right temporal lobe 
C) the left frontal lobe 
D) the right parietal lobe 
E) the prefrontal cortex

Question 4

Eleanor Rosch (1973) studied the Dani people from New Guinea who had only two words for colour, one for bright colours and one for dark colours. Her results revealed that the Dani were capable of distinguishing the difference between _______________ colours, providing evidence that ___________ the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) only a few; supported 
B) only a few; contradicted 
C) a wide assortment of; supported 
D) a wide assortment of; contradicted

Question 5

Words such as "tree," "water skiing," and "assertive" are considered to be the fundamental units of semantic memory and are all examples of

Accepted Answer

A) morphemes 
B) phonemes 
C) prototypes 
D) concepts

Question 6

Most contemporary psycholinguists believe that operant conditioning ________.

Accepted Answer

A) accounts for all of language acquisition 
B) accounts for most of language acquisition 
C) cannot completely account for language acquisition 
D) together with classical conditioning accounts for language acquisition

Question 7

The brain region centrally involved in language production and articulation is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) pons 
B) Broca's area 
C) Wernicke's area 
D) medulla

Question 8

Let's say that you are selling lottery tickets at your friend's bachelor party. You will probably sell more if you tell people they have a 50 percent chance of winning than if you say they have a 50 percent chance of losing. Why?

Accepted Answer

A) belief bias 
B) framing effects 
C) overconfidence 
D) confirmation bias 
E) availability heuristic effect

Question 9

Language by its very nature requires _________ processing.

Accepted Answer

A) psycholinguistic 
B) semantic 
C) bottom-up 
D) top-down

Question 10

Nighttimes are among the most common forms of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) schemas 
B) scripts 
C) mental imagery 
D) visualizations

Question 11

Charlotte had seen many beautiful diamonds before but she had never seen a purple diamond. Therefore Charlotte reasoned that purple diamonds do not exist. Charlotte's reasoning may be in error because it leads to a likelihood rather than a certainty. This is called ______________ reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A) inductive 
B) deductive 
C) divergent 
D) convergent

Question 12

There is fairly strong evidence that apes can communicate using symbols and hand signs and that these communications do convey meaning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Typical and familiar members of a particular class by which many of our concepts are defined are called

Accepted Answer

A) prototypes 
B) propositions 
C) mental sets 
D) heuristics

Question 14

In 1965, Fred Smith wrote a management class paper proposing reliable overnight delivery service. His professor gave him a C, because "the concept is interesting and well-formed, but in order to earn better than a C, [it] must be feasible." Smith ignored his professor's statement and founded Federal Express (FedEx), a company that is now worth more than $3 billion. Smith's professor wanted him to stick to business solutions that were proven, not come up with something "outside the box." In other words, Smith's professor was relying on a/an

Accepted Answer

A) mental set. 
B) deductive approach. 
C) inductive approach. 
D) litmus test. 
E) inductive approach

Question 15

Rules that govern the order of words are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) linguistics 
B) phonics 
C) semantics 
D) syntax

Question 16

For a given field, experts differ from novices in that

Accepted Answer

A) novices less often than experts have to solve problems in short-term memory 
B) novices are better than experts are at recognizing when to apply a problem-solving schema 
C) novices can more quickly select the cues needed to retrieve the appropriate problem-solving schema from long-term memory than experts 
D) novices are less capable at recognizing when to apply a problem-solving schema

Question 17

Does the evidence support the view that apes can acquire human language? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Does the evidence support the view that...

Question 18

The confirmation bias can lead to this type of obstacle to problem-solving

Accepted Answer

A) distraction by irrelevant information 
B) the belief bias 
C) how information is framed 
D) overconfidence

Question 19

Expertise and wisdom can be considered as the same constructs.

Accepted Answer