Question 1

What role do uncertainty and heuristics play in decision-making? How do the representativeness and availability heuristics distort probability judgments?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What role do uncertainty and heuristics play...

Question 2

Following a car accident, Mr. Jones had severe damage to Wernicke's area. At the hospital, the brain scan is most likely to show damage to ______ and he will have ______.

Accepted Answer

A) the left frontal lobe; difficulty speaking 
B) the right temporal lobe; difficulty understanding speech 
C) the left temporal lobe; difficulty understanding speech 
D) the left temporal lobe; difficulty with deep structure 
E) the left frontal lobe; difficulty understanding speech

Question 3

A mental representation of the way ice cream tastes is an example of __________, whereas the expression "I wish I had some ice cream right now" is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A) propositional thought; motoric thought 
B) motoric thought; imaginal thought 
C) imaginal thought; propositional thought 
D) propositional thought; imaginal thought

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a cue used in speech segmentation?

Accepted Answer

A) Decrease in energy output between words 
B) Knowing which sequences of phonemes are likely to occur together or not 
C) Using the other words in the sentence 
D) The context for interpreting the message

Question 5

What is mental imagery? Give two examples of how researchers have studied mental imagery. Does research support the view that mental images are perceptual in nature? Use one of your examples to support your argument.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is mental imagery? Give two examples...

Question 6

The study of the practical aspects of language and how it occurs in a social context is known as

Accepted Answer

A) syntax 
B) semantics 
C) pragmatics 
D) phonemics

Question 7

Jeff has been working on a particular problem for several weeks but he isn't making any progress on it. He decides to put the problem aside for a few weeks and return to it later. Which of the following problem-solving strategies is he using?

Accepted Answer

A) Incubation 
B) Inductive reasoning 
C) Divergent thinking 
D) Convergent thinking

Question 8

If you want an average weight of 10 dogs, you could add up their total weight and then divide by 10 (the number of dogs). This strategy would work every time and always give you the correct average because it is a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A) algorithm 
B) heuristic 
C) deductive strategy 
D) inductive strategy

Question 9

Believing what we want to believe such as believing that the exam was very hard even though the class average was high is a type of a confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

You are trying to imagine how you are going to toss your keys across the crowded room to your friend. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) motoric thought 
B) propositional thought 
C) prototypes 
D) propositions 
E) the linguistic relativity hypothesis

Question 11

When you read a section in your introductory psychology textbook, you are reading language units larger than a sentence. This level of language hierarchy is called

Accepted Answer

A) semantics 
B) pragmatics 
C) discourse 
D) phonemics

Question 12

Studies have shown that, overall, students are able to make very accurate judgments of how well they understand material they have read.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

When using means-ends analysis, another heuristic is also often utilized where intermediate steps toward a solution are formulated. This heuristic is called _________.

Accepted Answer

A) a proposition 
B) a subgoal analysis 
C) the representativeness heuristic 
D) a mental set

Question 14

Broca's area is to Wernicke's area as

Accepted Answer

A) frontal lobe is to temporal lobe 
B) temporal lobe is to frontal lobe 
C) left hemisphere is to right hemisphere 
D) hearing is to speech 
E) language is to thought

Question 15

You are on a small boat and need to anchor it to keep it from moving. All you have on board is a hammer and the clothes on your back. You realize that you could take off your shirt, rip it into strips, tie them together and finally tie the strips to the hammer and use this as an anchor. Here you have avoided the problem of

Accepted Answer

A) mentalimagery 
B) incubation 
C) functional fixedness 
D) subgoal analysis 
E) divergent thinking

Question 16

If you wanted to solve a problem as quickly as possible, you would probably use

Accepted Answer

A) heuristics 
B) an algorithm 
C) divergent thinking 
D) subgoal analysis 
E) a mental set

Question 17

The sentence, "The police help murder victims" has

Accepted Answer

A) one deep and two surface structures 
B) two deep and one surface structures 
C) at least five surface structures 
D) multiple surface structures, but only one deep structure 
E) displacement, but not generativity

Question 18

Let's say that I ask you to tell me what you are going to do this summer. You say that you plan to take a trip to Europe. What property of language does your description of your plans illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A) Generativity 
B) Segmentation 
C) Displacement 
D) Top-down processing 
E) Bottom-up processing

Question 19

A friend is trying to solve a problem and you have an idea about how to solve it. You translate your idea into words and tell the person your idea for solving the problem. You have transferred your idea from your mind to your friend's mind. In this example, your idea is considered an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a proposition 
B) a mental representation 
C) a schema 
D) a heuristic

Question 20

I want you to think about the last time you were dancing. You probably are thinking about moving in specific patterns in time to the music. This thinking pattern is best described as

Accepted Answer

A) motoric thought 
B) propositional thought 
C) imaginal thought 
D) inductive thought 
E) concept formation

Exam 9: Language and Thinking