Question 1

Coffee orders at a restaurant are present at breakfast and soft drink orders are present at lunch.This is an example of a monotonic relationship.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The owner of a shoe store knows that as children increase in age,their shoe size tends to get larger.This is an example of what type of relationship?

Accepted Answer

A) causal relationship 
B) duotonic relationship 
C) monotonic relationship 
D) nonmonotonic relationship 
E) linear relationship 
A) causal relationship 
B) duotonic relationship 
C) monotonic relationship 
D) nonmonotonic relationship 
E) linear relationship

Question 3

The manager of the city's professional hockey team conducted a large survey.He wanted to know if there was an association between fans being "season ticket holders" versus "nonseason ticket holders" and whether they "bought" versus "didn't buy" hockey team merchandise at the game.Because his survey included these measurements,he used SPSS to run a Pearson product moment correlation coefficient that turned out to be .88 with a Sig.value of .001.This meant that:

Accepted Answer

A) there is no significant relationship. 
B) there is a significant,strong,positive relationship. 
C) there is a significant,strong,negative relationship. 
D) there is a significant,moderate,positive relationship. 
E) None of the above;Pearson's product moment correlation is not the appropriate measure of association here because both variables are nominally scaled. 
A) there is no significant relationship. 
B) there is a significant,strong,positive relationship. 
C) there is a significant,strong,negative relationship. 
D) there is a significant,moderate,positive relationship. 
E) None of the above;Pearson's product moment correlation is not the appropriate measure of association here because both variables are nominally scaled.

Question 4

Which of the following is used when describing the general pattern of nonmonotonic relationships?

Accepted Answer

A) presence 
B) direction 
C) strength 
D) pattern 
E) concreteness 
A) presence 
B) direction 
C) strength 
D) pattern 
E) concreteness

Question 5

Significant association relationships are always causal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In the textbook you were given an example of running a chi-square test using SPSS.The output shows a "Pearson Chi-Square" value of 23.272,df = 7 and the Asymp.Sig.= .002.This means:

Accepted Answer

A) there is a significant association. 
B) there is no significant association. 
C) the difference is associative. 
D) the test was run incorrectly. 
E) none of the above 
A) there is a significant association. 
B) there is no significant association. 
C) the difference is associative. 
D) the test was run incorrectly. 
E) none of the above

Question 7

In the textbook you were given an example of running a chi-square test using SPSS.The output shows a "Pearson Chi-Square" value of 23.272.This value alone means:

Accepted Answer

A) there is a significant difference. 
B) there is no significant difference. 
C) the difference is associative. 
D) the difference must immediately be rounded up. 
E) none of the above 
A) there is a significant difference. 
B) there is no significant difference. 
C) the difference is associative. 
D) the difference must immediately be rounded up. 
E) none of the above

Question 8

Let's assume we find in a study that the correlation coefficient between number of years of education and cigarette smoking is -.89.This means that as education level increases:

Accepted Answer

A) smoking tends to increase. 
B) smoking tends to decrease. 
C) smoking changes 89 percent. 
D) smoking is nonexistent. 
E) only 89 out of every 100 people in the study would not smoke. 
A) smoking tends to increase. 
B) smoking tends to decrease. 
C) smoking changes 89 percent. 
D) smoking is nonexistent. 
E) only 89 out of every 100 people in the study would not smoke.

Question 9

In the textbook you were given an example of running a chi-square test using SPSS.The output shows a "Pearson Chi-Square" value of 23.272 and df =7.This information alone means:

Accepted Answer

A) there is a significant difference. 
B) there is no significant difference. 
C) the difference is associative. 
D) the test was run incorrectly. 
E) none of the above 
A) there is a significant difference. 
B) there is no significant difference. 
C) the difference is associative. 
D) the test was run incorrectly. 
E) none of the above

Question 10

A cross-tabulation table is sometimes referred to as a:

Accepted Answer

A) tabular table. 
B) nonmonotonic display table. 
C) r × c table. 
D) t × n table. 
E) c × x table. 
A) tabular table. 
B) nonmonotonic display table. 
C) r × c table. 
D) t × n table. 
E) c × x table.

Question 11

If you are examining the SPSS output for Pearson correlation,you will find the value of "1" along the diagonal of the correlation matrix indicating that each variable is perfectly correlated with itself.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

There is no connection between scatter diagrams and correlation coefficients.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In chi-square analysis,the greater the number of cells,the larger the degrees of freedom.The greater the number of cells,the more opportunity exists to calculate a large chi-square value.In other words,the chi-square value can be "inflated" not due to a real association but simply due to the fact that there are more cells in the analysis.This is why degrees of freedom are used to:

Accepted Answer

A) determine how many cells you should analyze. 
B) determine whether or not the computed chi-square value should be used for a post hoc test. 
C) determine whether or not the chi-square value has a probability high enough to support,or not support,the null hypothesis. 
D) all of the above 
E) None of the above;degrees of freedom is not calculated with the chi-square test. 
A) determine how many cells you should analyze. 
B) determine whether or not the computed chi-square value should be used for a post hoc test. 
C) determine whether or not the chi-square value has a probability high enough to support,or not support,the null hypothesis. 
D) all of the above 
E) None of the above;degrees of freedom is not calculated with the chi-square test.

Question 14

A researcher runs a correlation analysis between two variables that she is certain are associated but the analysis indicates the two variables are not associated.The researcher may then want to:

Accepted Answer

A) run another association test and add three variables. 
B) adopt a lower standard for determining significance,that is,a p value of .20. 
C) do nothing;if the association is deemed insignificant it is inappropriate to run further analyses. 
D) run a scatter plot in search of a curvilinear relationship. 
E) run a scatter plot in search of a linear relationship. 
A) run another association test and add three variables. 
B) adopt a lower standard for determining significance,that is,a p value of .20. 
C) do nothing;if the association is deemed insignificant it is inappropriate to run further analyses. 
D) run a scatter plot in search of a curvilinear relationship. 
E) run a scatter plot in search of a linear relationship.

Question 15

Chi-square analysis always begins with the assumption that no association exists between the two nominal scaled variables under analysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

It is more difficult for a chi-square value with high degrees of freedom (i.e. ,there are more cells)to achieve "significance" than for a chi-square value with fewer degrees of freedom (i.e. ,there are fewer cells).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

If you plotted data between two variables and the points all fell precisely in a straight line that was sloping downward to the right,your correlation coefficient would be equal to +1.0.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Strength of association might be described as:

Accepted Answer

A) strong. 
B) weak. 
C) moderate. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above 
A) strong. 
B) weak. 
C) moderate. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above

Question 19

Generally speaking,the chi-square value is calculated by dividing the sum of the squared differences between observed and expected frequencies by the expected frequencies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Row cell percentage is calculated by dividing a cell frequency by the cell row total.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Coffee orders at a restaurant are present at breakfast and soft drink orders are present at lunch.This is an example of a monotonic relationship.

The owner of a shoe store knows that as children increase in age,their shoe size tends to get larger.This is an example of what type of relationship?

Which of the following is used when describing the general pattern of nonmonotonic relationships?

Significant association relationships are always causal.

In the textbook you were given an example of running a chi-square test using SPSS.The output shows a "Pearson Chi-Square" value of 23.272,df = 7 and the Asymp.Sig.= .002.This means:

In the textbook you were given an example of running a chi-square test using SPSS.The output shows a "Pearson Chi-Square" value of 23.272.This value alone means:

Let's assume we find in a study that the correlation coefficient between number of years of education and cigarette smoking is -.89.This means that as education level increases:

In the textbook you were given an example of running a chi-square test using SPSS.The output shows a "Pearson Chi-Square" value of 23.272 and df =7.This information alone means:

A cross-tabulation table is sometimes referred to as a:

If you are examining the SPSS output for Pearson correlation,you will find the value of "1" along the diagonal of the correlation matrix indicating that each variable is perfectly correlated with itself.

There is no connection between scatter diagrams and correlation coefficients.

A researcher runs a correlation analysis between two variables that she is certain are associated but the analysis indicates the two variables are not associated.The researcher may then want to:

Chi-square analysis always begins with the assumption that no association exists between the two nominal scaled variables under analysis.

It is more difficult for a chi-square value with high degrees of freedom (i.e. ,there are more cells)to achieve "significance" than for a chi-square value with fewer degrees of freedom (i.e. ,there are fewer cells).

If you plotted data between two variables and the points all fell precisely in a straight line that was sloping downward to the right,your correlation coefficient would be equal to +1.0.

Strength of association might be described as:

Generally speaking,the chi-square value is calculated by dividing the sum of the squared differences between observed and expected frequencies by the expected frequencies.

Row cell percentage is calculated by dividing a cell frequency by the cell row total.

Introduction to Marketing Research

The Marketing Research Industry

The Marketing Research Process Defining the Problem and Research Objectives

Research Design

Secondary Data Packaged Information

Utilizing Exploratory and Qualitative Research Techniques

Evaluating Survey Data Collection Methods

Understanding Measurement, developing Questions, and Designing the Questionnaire

Selecting the Sample

Determining the Size of a Sample

Dealing With Fieldwork and Data Quality

Using Basic Descriptive Analysis, performing Population Estimates, and Testing Hypotheses

Implementing Basic Differences Tests

Understanding Regression Analysis Basics

Writing the Research Report

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Exam 14: Making Use of Associations Tests

Coffee orders at a restaurant are present at breakfast and soft drink orders are present at lunch.This is an example of a monotonic relationship.

The owner of a shoe store knows that as children increase in age,their shoe size tends to get larger.This is an example of what type of relationship?

Which of the following is used when describing the general pattern of nonmonotonic relationships?

Significant association relationships are always causal.

In the textbook you were given an example of running a chi-square test using SPSS.The output shows a "Pearson Chi-Square" value of 23.272,df = 7 and the Asymp.Sig.= .002.This means:

In the textbook you were given an example of running a chi-square test using SPSS.The output shows a "Pearson Chi-Square" value of 23.272.This value alone means:

Let's assume we find in a study that the correlation coefficient between number of years of education and cigarette smoking is -.89.This means that as education level increases:

In the textbook you were given an example of running a chi-square test using SPSS.The output shows a "Pearson Chi-Square" value of 23.272 and df =7.This information alone means:

A cross-tabulation table is sometimes referred to as a:

If you are examining the SPSS output for Pearson correlation,you will find the value of "1" along the diagonal of the correlation matrix indicating that each variable is perfectly correlated with itself.

There is no connection between scatter diagrams and correlation coefficients.

A researcher runs a correlation analysis between two variables that she is certain are associated but the analysis indicates the two variables are not associated.The researcher may then want to:

Chi-square analysis always begins with the assumption that no association exists between the two nominal scaled variables under analysis.

It is more difficult for a chi-square value with high degrees of freedom (i.e. ,there are more cells)to achieve "significance" than for a chi-square value with fewer degrees of freedom (i.e. ,there are fewer cells).

If you plotted data between two variables and the points all fell precisely in a straight line that was sloping downward to the right,your correlation coefficient would be equal to +1.0.

Strength of association might be described as:

Generally speaking,the chi-square value is calculated by dividing the sum of the squared differences between observed and expected frequencies by the expected frequencies.

Row cell percentage is calculated by dividing a cell frequency by the cell row total.

Introduction to Marketing Research

The Marketing Research Industry

The Marketing Research Process Defining the Problem and Research Objectives

Research Design

Secondary Data Packaged Information

Utilizing Exploratory and Qualitative Research Techniques

Evaluating Survey Data Collection Methods

Understanding Measurement, developing Questions, and Designing the Questionnaire

Selecting the Sample

Determining the Size of a Sample

Dealing With Fieldwork and Data Quality

Using Basic Descriptive Analysis, performing Population Estimates, and Testing Hypotheses

Implementing Basic Differences Tests

Understanding Regression Analysis Basics

Writing the Research Report

Filters